---
title: grad — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grad» in the school dictionary: Grad is a short, informal word for a graduate, a person who has finished high school, college or university. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grad

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grad, person, Grad school, 100 grads, 120 grads, you · **What happens:** be, finish, mean, make, use, get · **To what, where:** short informal word, high school, school, small unit, right angle, degrees

<!-- .vabout -->
«grad» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grad in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grad.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grad is a short, informal word for a graduate, a person who has finished high school, college or university.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:m1:1
# text = Grad is a short, informal word for a graduate, a person who has finished high school, college or university.
1	Grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	graduate	graduate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	college	college	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grad | a short informal word and a person and college or university |  |  |  | for a graduate | tree rules |
| 2 | **finish** | present · perfect | a person | high school |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector school=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grad school means a school for study after university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:m2:1
# text = Grad school means a school for study after university.
1	Grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Grad school | a school |  |  |  | for study after university | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot school=Theme for study=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grad is also a small unit for measuring angles; 100 grads make a right angle, but degrees are used much more.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:m3:1
# text = A grad is also a small unit for measuring angles; 100 grads make a right angle, but degrees are used much more.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	grads	grad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
23	much	much	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a grad | a small unit |  |  |  | for measuring angles | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | 100 grads | a right angle |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset angle=Product |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  | degrees |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each grad got a diploma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x1:1
# text = Each grad got a diploma.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	diploma	diploma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | each grad | a diploma |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer diploma=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
120 grads walked across the stage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x2:1
# text = 120 grads walked across the stage.
1	120	120	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	grads	grad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | 120 grads |  |  | the stage |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across stage=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read «grad» as «graduate».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x3:1
# text = Read «grad» as «graduate».
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	graduate	graduate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | grad |  |  |  | as graduate | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer grad=Stimulus as graduate=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin is a college grad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x4:1
# text = My cousin is a college grad.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	college	college	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My cousin | a college grad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grads threw their caps in the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x5:1
# text = The grads threw their caps in the air.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grads	grad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	caps	cap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | the grads | grads's caps |  | the air |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cap=Theme in air=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has a grad party in June.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x6:1
# text = Our school has a grad party in June.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	grad	grad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	June	June	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | a grad party |  |  |  | in June | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt went to grad school to become a scientist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x7:1
# text = My aunt went to grad school to become a scientist.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grad	grad	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | My aunt |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grad** | to-infinitive | My aunt *not said here* | school |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | to-infinitive | My aunt *not said here* | a scientist |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calculators can show angles in degrees or grads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grad:x8:1
# text = Calculators can show angles in degrees or grads.
1	Calculators	calculator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	grads	grad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | can | Calculators | angles |  |  |  | in degrees or grads | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent angle=Patient in degree=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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