---
title: gradient — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gradient» in the school dictionary: How steep a slope, hill or road is. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gradient

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** slope, number, road, sign, you, cyclist · **What happens:** be, show, have, warn, work out, struggle up · **To what, where:** graph, steep gradient, gradient, blue

<!-- .vabout -->
«gradient» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gradient in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gradient.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How steep a slope, hill or road is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:m1:1
# text = How steep a slope, hill or road is.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a slope and hill or road |  |  |  |  | steep *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A number that shows how steep a line is on a graph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:m2:1
# text = A number that shows how steep a line is on a graph.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a number |  |  |  |  | steep *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a number |  |  | a graph |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: art — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A smooth change from one colour or shade to another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:m3:1
# text = A smooth change from one colour or shade to another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road has a steep gradient.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:x1:1
# text = The road has a steep gradient.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gradient	gradient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the road | a steep gradient |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gradient=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sign warns of a 1 in 10 gradient.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:x2:1
# text = A sign warns of a 1 in 10 gradient.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warns	warn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	_
9	gradient	gradient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | a sign |  |  |  |  | of a 1 gradient | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of gradient=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Work out the gradient of the line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:x3:1
# text = Work out the gradient of the line.
1	Work	work	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gradient	gradient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work out** | imperative | you *not said here* | the gradient of the line |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gradient=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cyclist struggled up the gradient.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:x4:1
# text = The cyclist struggled up the gradient.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	struggled	struggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gradient	gradient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle up** | past | the cyclist | the gradient |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture has a blue to white gradient.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:x5:1
# text = The picture has a blue to white gradient.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gradient	gradient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the picture | a blue |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blue=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gentle gradient is easier to walk up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gradient:x6:1
# text = A gentle gradient is easier to walk up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gradient	gradient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a gentle gradient |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk up** | to-infinitive | a gentle gradient *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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