---
title: gramophone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gramophone» in the school dictionary: An old machine for playing music from records, flat discs with grooves, often with a big horn to make the sound louder. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gramophone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old machine, Great grandma, You, museum, gramophone · **What happens:** play, make, dance, have up, have, break · **To what, where:** music, records, sound, gramophone, wind, Gramophone records

<!-- .vabout -->
«gramophone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gramophone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gramophone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old machine for playing music from records, flat discs with grooves, often with a big horn to make the sound louder.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:m1:1
# text = An old machine for playing music from records, flat discs with grooves, often with a big horn to make the sound louder.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	discs	disc	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	grooves	groove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | gerund | a old machine *not said here* | music |  | records and flat discs with grooves |  | with a big horn | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent music=Theme with horn=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | a old machine *not said here* | the sound |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great-grandma danced to music on the gramophone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:x1:1
# text = Great-grandma danced to music on the gramophone.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	danced	dance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gramophone	gramophone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | past | Great grandma |  |  | the gramophone |  | to music | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on gramophone=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You had to wind up the gramophone by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:x2:1
# text = You had to wind up the gramophone by hand.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gramophone	gramophone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have up** | past | You | wind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has a gramophone with a huge brass horn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:x3:1
# text = The museum has a gramophone with a huge brass horn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gramophone	gramophone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a gramophone |  |  |  | with a huge brass horn | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gramophone=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gramophone records were made of shellac and broke easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:x4:1
# text = Gramophone records were made of shellac and broke easily.
1	Gramophone	gramophone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	shellac	shellac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Gramophone records |  |  |  | of shellac | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **break** | past |  |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the film, an old gramophone played in the empty house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:x5:1
# text = In the film, an old gramophone played in the empty house.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gramophone	gramophone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | participle |  | a old gramophone *not said here* |  | the empty house |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gramophone came before the record player.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramophone:x6:1
# text = The gramophone came before the record player.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gramophone	gramophone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the gramophone |  |  | the record player |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before player=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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