---
title: gramps — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gramps» in the school dictionary: Grandfather; a friendly name for your grandad. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gramps

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, Gramps, Lily, We, Calling · **What happens:** talk, take, fish, shout, run, hug · **To what, where:** me, lake, Lily, him, funniest stories, cake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gramps» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gramps in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gramps.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandfather; a friendly name for your grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:m1:1
# text = Grandfather; a friendly name for your grandad.
1	Grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, sometimes cheeky — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A way of talking to or about any old man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:m2:1
# text = A way of talking to or about any old man.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund | a way or any old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gramps took me fishing at the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:x1:1
# text = Gramps took me fishing at the lake.
1	Gramps	gramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	fishing	fish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Gramps |  | me |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **fish** | gerund | Gramps *not said here* |  |  | the lake |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent at lake=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hi, Gramps!» shouted Lily as she ran to hug him.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:x2:1
# text = «Hi, Gramps!» shouted Lily as she ran to hug him.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hi	hi	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Gramps	gramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	hug	hug	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Gramps | Lily |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lily=Topic |
| 2 | **run** | past | Lily |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **hug** | to-infinitive | Lily *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My gramps tells the funniest stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:x3:1
# text = My gramps tells the funniest stories.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	gramps	gramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	funniest	funny	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | My gramps | the funniest stories |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We baked a cake for Gramps's birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:x4:1
# text = We baked a cake for Gramps's birthday.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Gramps	gramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | We | a cake |  |  |  | for Gramps's birthday | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cake=Material for birthday=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gramps fell asleep in his armchair after lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:x5:1
# text = Gramps fell asleep in his armchair after lunch.
1	Gramps	gramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	armchair	armchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Gramps |  |  | his armchair after lunch |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in armchair=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling a stranger «gramps» is cheeky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gramps:x6:1
# text = Calling a stranger «gramps» is cheeky.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	gramps	gramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | a stranger |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent stranger=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Calling |  |  |  |  | cheeky *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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