---
title: grandad — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grandad» in the school dictionary: Grandad is a friendly word for your grandfather, your mum's or dad's father. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grandad

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandad, we, I, She · **What happens:** be, use, talk, take, fish, play · **To what, where:** friendly word, Grandad, me, cards, stories, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grandad» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grandad in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grandad.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad is a friendly word for your grandfather, your mum's or dad's father.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:m1:1
# text = Grandad is a friendly word for your grandfather, your mum's or dad's father.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grandad | a friendly word or your mum's father |  |  |  | for your grandfather | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad can be used as a name when talking to him: «Hi, Grandad!».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:m2:1
# text = Grandad can be used as a name when talking to him: «Hi, Grandad!».
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Hi	hi	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | can · passive |  | Grandad |  |  |  | as a name | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as name=Attribute |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund |  |  | Grandad |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad takes me fishing on Saturdays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x1:1
# text = My grandad takes me fishing on Saturdays.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	fishing	fish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Saturdays	Saturday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | My grandad | me |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **fish** | gerund | My grandad *not said here* |  |  |  | saturday |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hi, Grandad! Can we play cards?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hi, Grandad!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x2:1
# text = Hi, Grandad!
1	Hi	hi	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Can we play cards?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x2:2
# text = Can we play cards?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | can | we | cards |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad told us stories about when he was a boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x3:1
# text = Grandad told us stories about when he was a boy.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Grandad | stories | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient story=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Grandad | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We're having lunch at Grandad's house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x4:1
# text = We're having lunch at Grandad's house.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · progressive | We | lunch |  | Grandad's house |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have two grandads and two grandmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x5:1
# text = I have two grandads and two grandmas.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	grandads	grandad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	grandmas	grandma	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | two grandads and two grandmas |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandad=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad grows tomatoes in his garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x6:1
# text = Grandad grows tomatoes in his garden.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Grandad | tomatoes |  | Grandad's garden |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tomato=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad is my dad's dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x7:1
# text = My grandad is my dad's dad.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My grandad | my dad's dad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She made a birthday card for her grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandad:x8:1
# text = She made a birthday card for her grandad.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | She | a birthday card |  |  |  | for her grandad | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent card=Product for grandad=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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