---
title: grandfather — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grandfather» in the school dictionary: A grandfather is the father of your mother or your father. Most people have 2 grandfathers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grandfather

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grandfather, Most people, grandfather clock, tall clock, Tom, older · **What happens:** be, have, stand, give, teach, fish · **To what, where:** father, 2 grandfathers, tall clock, floor, 70, 10 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grandfather» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grandfather in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grandfather.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grandfather is the father of your mother or your father. Most people have 2 grandfathers.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A grandfather is the father of your mother or your father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:m1:1
# text = A grandfather is the father of your mother or your father.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a grandfather | the father |  |  |  | of your mother or your father | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Most people have 2 grandfathers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:m1:2
# text = Most people have 2 grandfathers.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	grandfathers	grandfather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Most people | 2 grandfathers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandfather=Patient |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grandfather clock is a tall clock that stands on the floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:m2:1
# text = A grandfather clock is a tall clock that stands on the floor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a grandfather clock | a tall clock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | a tall clock |  |  | the floor |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on floor=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandfather is 70 and Tom is 10. How much older is he?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandfather is 70 and Tom is 10.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x1:1
# text = Grandfather is 70 and Tom is 10.
1	Grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	70	70	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grandfather | 70 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Tom | 10 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How much older is he?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x1:2
# text = How much older is he?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | older |  |  |  |  | much *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandfather gave each child 5 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x2:1
# text = Grandfather gave each child 5 dollars.
1	Grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Grandfather | 5 dollars | each child |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent child=Recipient dollar=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandfather is 7 times as old as Ann.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x3:1
# text = Grandfather is 7 times as old as Ann.
1	Grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Ann	Ann	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandfather |  |  |  | time | as Ann; old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has 2 grandfathers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x4:1
# text = He has 2 grandfathers.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	grandfathers	grandfather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | 2 grandfathers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandfather=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandfather taught me how to fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x5:1
# text = My grandfather taught me how to fish.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fish	fish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | My grandfather |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fish** | to-infinitive | My grandfather *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visit my grandfather on the farm every summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x6:1
# text = We visit my grandfather on the farm every summer.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visit	visit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | present | We | my grandfather |  | the farm | summer |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandfather=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandfather told us stories about when he was a boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x7:1
# text = Grandfather told us stories about when he was a boy.
1	Grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Grandfather | stories | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient story=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Grandfather | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grandfather clock in the hall chimes every hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x8:1
# text = The grandfather clock in the hall chimes every hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	chimes	chime	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chime** | present | the grandfather clock in the hall |  |  |  | hour |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-grandfather was my grandfather's father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x9:1
# text = My great-grandfather was my grandfather's father.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My great grandfather | my grandfather's father |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What must I do then, grandfather?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grandfather:x10:1
# text = "What must I do then, grandfather?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | must | I | grandfather |  |  | then |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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