---
title: gratis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gratis» in the school dictionary: Free of charge; without having to pay. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gratis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** museum, you, He, we, Programs, drinks · **What happens:** have, pay, let, buy, get, fix · **To what, where:** children, gratis, one cake, bike gratis, friends, Programs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gratis» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gratis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gratis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal or informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Free of charge; without having to pay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:m1:1
# text = Free of charge; without having to pay.
1	Free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum lets children in gratis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x1:1
# text = The museum lets children in gratis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | the museum | children |  | gratis |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buy one cake and get another gratis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x2:1
# text = Buy one cake and get another gratis.
1	Buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | imperative | you *not said here* | one cake |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | infinitive | you *not said here* | another gratis |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gratis=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He fixed my bike gratis because we are friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x3:1
# text = He fixed my bike gratis because we are friends.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | past | He | my bike gratis |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent gratis=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | we | friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Programs that are free to use are sometimes called gratis software.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x4:1
# text = Programs that are free to use are sometimes called gratis software.
1	Programs	program	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advmod	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	software	software	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Programs |  |  |  |  | free *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive | Programs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | Programs |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drinks at the party were gratis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x5:1
# text = The drinks at the party were gratis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the drinks at the party | gratis |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can have this old toy gratis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x6:1
# text = You can have this old toy gratis.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gratis** |  | this |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The students, even those who had board and lodging gratis, left the city.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratis:x7:1
# text = The students, even those who had board and lodging gratis, left the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	nmod	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lodging	lodge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	gratis	gratis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past |  | board |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Patient |
| 2 | **lodge** | gerund |  | gratis |  |  |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme gratis=Location |
| 3 | **leave** | past | the students  those | the city |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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