---
title: gratuitously — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gratuitously» in the school dictionary: Without a good reason, in a way that is unnecessary and often unkind or shocking: gratuitously rude. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gratuitously/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [G](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/) / gratuitously

# gratuitously

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, villain, review, film, He, you · **What happens:** be, say, not use, essay, criticise · **To what, where:** long words, essay, games · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gratuitously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gratuitously in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gratuitously.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without a good reason, in a way that is unnecessary and often unkind or shocking: gratuitously rude.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:m1:1
# text = Without a good reason, in a way that is unnecessary and often unkind or shocking: gratuitously rude.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	shocking	shocking	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | unnecessary *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Free of charge, without payment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:m2:1
# text = Free of charge, without payment.
1	Free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain was gratuitously cruel to the animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:x1:1
# text = The villain was gratuitously cruel to the animals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the villain |  |  |  |  | to the animals; cruel, gratuitously *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The review said the film was gratuitously violent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:x2:1
# text = The review said the film was gratuitously violent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	review	review	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the review |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the film |  |  |  |  | gratuitously, violent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was gratuitously rude to the waiter for no reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:x3:1
# text = He was gratuitously rude to the waiter for no reason.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	waiter	waiter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | to the waiter for no reason; gratuitously, rude *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't use gratuitously long words in your essay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:x4:1
# text = Don't use gratuitously long words in your essay.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	essay	essay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | long words |  | your essay |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 2 | **essay** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some games are criticised for being gratuitously gory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gratuitously:x5:1
# text = Some games are criticised for being gratuitously gory.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	criticised	criticise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
7	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	gory	gory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **criticise** | present · passive |  | some games |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | gory, gratuitously *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [gratitude](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gratitude/)
- next →: [gratuity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gratuity/)
- ↑ back to [G in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/)