---
title: graveyard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «graveyard» in the school dictionary: A graveyard is a piece of land, often around a church, where dead people are buried. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# graveyard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** graveyard, Graveyard shift, old church, We, you, Nurses · **What happens:** be, bury, break, leave, mean, do · **To what, where:** piece, dead people, place, unwanted things, work, graveyard

<!-- .vabout -->
«graveyard» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [graveyard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/graveyard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A graveyard is a piece of land, often around a church, where dead people are buried.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:m1:1
# text = A graveyard is a piece of land, often around a church, where dead people are buried.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	around	around	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
15	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a graveyard | a piece |  |  |  | of land | tree rules |
| 2 | **bury** | present · passive |  | dead people |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A graveyard is a place where old, broken or unwanted things are left: «a car graveyard», «an elephant graveyard».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:m2:1
# text = A graveyard is a place where old, broken or unwanted things are left: «a car graveyard», «an elephant graveyard».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	7	advmod	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a graveyard | a place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **leave** | present · passive |  | unwanted things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Graveyard shift» means work done late at night until morning (informal).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:m3:1
# text = «Graveyard shift» means work done late at night until morning (informal).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shift	shift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	until	until	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Graveyard shift | work |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  | work *not said here* |  |  | morning; night | late *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old church has a graveyard with mossy stones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x1:1
# text = The old church has a graveyard with mossy stones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	mossy	mossy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the old church | a graveyard |  |  |  | with mossy stones | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent graveyard=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited Grandad's grave in the graveyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x2:1
# text = We visited Grandad's grave in the graveyard.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | Grandad's grave |  | the graveyard |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grave=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please walk quietly and respectfully in a graveyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x3:1
# text = Please walk quietly and respectfully in a graveyard.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	respectfully	respectfully	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a graveyard |  | quietly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in graveyard=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ghost story was set in a graveyard at midnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x4:1
# text = The ghost story was set in a graveyard at midnight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past · passive |  | the ghost story |  | a graveyard at midnight |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in graveyard=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old aeroplanes are kept in a desert graveyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x5:1
# text = Old aeroplanes are kept in a desert graveyard.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	aeroplanes	aeroplane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · passive |  | Old aeroplanes |  | a desert graveyard |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in graveyard=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nurses on the graveyard shift work all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x6:1
# text = Nurses on the graveyard shift work all night.
1	Nurses	nurse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	shift	shift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	work	work	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | infinitive | Nurses on the graveyard shift |  |  |  | night |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His road lay in front of a graveyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graveyard:x7:1
# text = His road lay in front of a graveyard.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | His road |  |  | front of a graveyard |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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