---
title: graze — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «graze» in the school dictionary: To graze is when animals like cows, sheep and horses eat grass in a field. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# graze

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** animals, you, graze, 12 cows, 5 more sheep, horses · **What happens:** graze, be, fall, mean, touch, pass · **To what, where:** field, skin, small scrape, something, edge, bike · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«graze» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [graze in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/graze.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To graze is when animals like cows, sheep and horses eat grass in a field.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:m1:1
# text = To graze is when animals like cows, sheep and horses eat grass in a field.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	graze	graze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | to-infinitive | animals like cows and sheep and horses *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | animals like cows and sheep and horses |  |  | a field |  | eat *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To graze your skin is to scrape it a little, like a knee when you fall. A graze is that small scrape.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To graze your skin is to scrape it a little, like a knee when you fall.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:m2:1
# text = To graze your skin is to scrape it a little, like a knee when you fall.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	graze	graze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	scrape	scrape	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | to-infinitive |  | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | a little *obl:unmarked*; scrape *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A graze is that small scrape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:m2:2
# text = A graze is that small scrape.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graze	graze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	scrape	scrape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a graze | small scrape |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To graze can also mean to touch something lightly as you pass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:m3:1
# text = To graze can also mean to touch something lightly as you pass.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	graze	graze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **touch** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | lightly *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **pass** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
12 cows graze in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x1:1
# text = 12 cows graze in the field.
1	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	graze	graze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | present | 12 cows |  |  | the field |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
5 more sheep came to graze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x2:1
# text = 5 more sheep came to graze.
1	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	graze	graze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | 5 more sheep |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **graze** | to-infinitive | 5 more sheep *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horses graze for 6 hours a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x3:1
# text = The horses graze for 6 hours a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	graze	graze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | present | the horses |  |  |  | hour |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many animals graze on the hill now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x4:1
# text = How many animals graze on the hill now?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	graze	graze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | present | many animals |  |  |  | now | on the hill | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on hill=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deer graze at the edge of the forest at dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x5:1
# text = Deer graze at the edge of the forest at dawn.
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	graze	graze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | present | Deer |  |  | the edge of the forest at dawn |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fell off her bike and grazed her knee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x6:1
# text = She fell off her bike and grazed her knee.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grazed	graze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | She | her bike |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient bike=Extent |
| 2 | **graze** | past | She *not said here* | her knee |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash the graze and put a plaster on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x7:1
# text = Wash the graze and put a plaster on it.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	graze	graze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | the graze |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent graze=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a plaster |  | plaster |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent plaster=Theme on it=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball grazed the top of the net.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:graze:x8:1
# text = The ball grazed the top of the net.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grazed	graze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	net	net	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | past | the ball | the top of the net |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent top=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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