---
title: gregorian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gregorian» in the school dictionary: The Gregorian calendar: the calendar most of the world uses today, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, with leap years. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gregorian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** calendar, old plain style, We, Gregorian calendar, Britain, monks · **What happens:** use, introduce, sing, name, have, change · **To what, where:** 1582, Gregorian chant, Gregorian calendar, 1752, abbey, older Julian calendar

<!-- .vabout -->
«gregorian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gregorian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gregorian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Gregorian calendar: the calendar most of the world uses today, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, with leap years.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:m1:1
# text = The Gregorian calendar: the calendar most of the world uses today, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, with leap years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:unmarked	_	_
18	XIII	XIII	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	16	appos	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	1582	1582	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the calendar |  |  |  | today |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **introduce** | participle | the calendar *not said here* |  |  | 1582 | year | by Pope | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gregorian chant: an old, plain style of church singing without instruments, named after Pope Gregory I.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:m2:1
# text = Gregorian chant: an old, plain style of church singing without instruments, named after Pope Gregory I.
1	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	I.	I.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | a old plain style of church *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without instruments | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | Gregorian chant *not said here* |  |  | after Gregory I. |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We use the Gregorian calendar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:x1:1
# text = We use the Gregorian calendar.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | We | the Gregorian calendar |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calendar=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Gregorian calendar has a leap year every four years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:x2:1
# text = The Gregorian calendar has a leap year every four years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
9	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Gregorian calendar |  |  |  | year |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Britain changed to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 and lost eleven days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:x3:1
# text = Britain changed to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 and lost eleven days.
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1752	1752	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	eleven	eleven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Britain |  |  | 1752 |  | to the Gregorian calendar *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to calendar=Result |
| 2 | **lose** | past | Britain *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monks sang Gregorian chant in the abbey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:x4:1
# text = The monks sang Gregorian chant in the abbey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	abbey	abbey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the monks | Gregorian chant |  | the abbey |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chant=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some churches still use the older Julian calendar for Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gregorian:x5:1
# text = Some churches still use the older Julian calendar for Christmas.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
7	Julian	Julian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | some churches | the older Julian calendar |  |  | still | for Christmas | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent calendar=Theme for christmas=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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