---
title: greybeard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «greybeard» in the school dictionary: An old man, often one with a grey beard; the word can sound a little teasing or bossy. (old use). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# greybeard

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**Who acts:** old man, you, greybeard, Two greybeards · **What happens:** sound, hurry up, sit, tell, play · **To what, where:** little teasing, old greybeard, tale, chess, square · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«greybeard» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [greybeard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/greybeard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old man, often one with a grey beard; the word can sound a little teasing or bossy. (old use).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* An old man, often one with a grey beard; the word can sound a little teasing or bossy.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:greybeard:m1:1
# text = An old man, often one with a grey beard; the word can sound a little teasing or bossy.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	appos	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	teasing	teasing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	bossy	bossy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | can | a old man and the word | a little teasing or bossy |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location teasing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (old use).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:greybeard:m1:2
# text = (old use).
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hurry up, old greybeard!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:greybeard:x1:1
# text = «Hurry up, old greybeard!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	greybeard	greybeard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurry up** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | old greybeard |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The greybeard sat by the fire and told a tale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:greybeard:x2:1
# text = The greybeard sat by the fire and told a tale.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	greybeard	greybeard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the greybeard |  |  |  |  | by the fire | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by fire=Location |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the greybeard *not said here* | a tale |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tale=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two greybeards were playing chess in the square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:greybeard:x3:1
# text = Two greybeards were playing chess in the square.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	greybeards	greybeard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past · progressive | Two greybeards | chess |  | the square |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chess=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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