---
title: grief — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grief» in the school dictionary: A deep, strong sadness, especially when someone or a pet dies or is lost. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grief

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, Good grief, She, dog, Grief, you · **What happens:** die, lose, give, mean, annoy, bother · **To what, where:** someone grief, them, surprise, you, grief, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grief» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grief in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grief.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep, strong sadness, especially when someone or a pet dies or is lost.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:m1:1
# text = A deep, strong sadness, especially when someone or a pet dies or is lost.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **lose** | present · passive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Give someone grief" means annoy, bother or criticise them (informal).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:m2:1
# text = "Give someone grief" means annoy, bother or criticise them (informal).
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	compound	_	_
4	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	annoy	annoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	bother	bother	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	criticise	criticise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | someone grief |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grief=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **annoy** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **bother** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **criticise** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Good grief!" shows surprise or annoyance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:m3:1
# text = "Good grief!" shows surprise or annoyance.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Good grief | surprise or annoyance |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was full of grief when her dog died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x1:1
# text = She was full of grief when her dog died.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | of grief; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | past | her dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grief can make you feel tired and sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x2:1
# text = Grief can make you feel tired and sad.
1	Grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Grief | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking helps with grief.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x3:1
# text = Talking helps with grief.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with grief | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with grief=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good grief, what a mess!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x4:1
# text = Good grief, what a mess!
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother gave me grief about my haircut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x5:1
# text = My brother gave me grief about my haircut.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	haircut	haircut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | My brother | grief | me |  |  | about my haircut | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient grief=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship came to grief on the rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x6:1
# text = The ship came to grief on the rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the ship |  |  | the rocks |  | to grief | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to grief=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘What secret grief is troubling you?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grief:x7:1
# text = ‘What secret grief is troubling you?
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det	_	_
3	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	troubling	trouble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trouble** | present · progressive | what secret grief | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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