---
title: grievance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grievance» in the school dictionary: A real or imagined unfair thing that makes someone feel upset and want to complain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grievance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** real unfair thing, someone, worker, He, workers, you · **What happens:** imagine, make, feel, want, complain, have · **To what, where:** someone, grievance, grievances, manager, long list, king

<!-- .vabout -->
«grievance» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grievance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grievance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A real or imagined unfair thing that makes someone feel upset and want to complain.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:m1:1
# text = A real or imagined unfair thing that makes someone feel upset and want to complain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	imagined	imagine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
5	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **imagine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **make** | present | a real unfair thing | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **want** | present | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **complain** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: work, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An official complaint by a worker about unfair treatment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:m2:1
# text = An official complaint by a worker about unfair treatment.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** |  | a worker about unfair treatment |  |  |  |  |  | nom complaint «state intransitive»: by=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a grievance against his neighbour about the noisy dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x1:1
# text = He had a grievance against his neighbour about the noisy dog.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	grievance	grievance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a grievance |  |  |  | against his neighbour about the noisy dog | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grievance=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The workers took their grievances to the manager.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x2:1
# text = The workers took their grievances to the manager.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	grievances	grievance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	manager	manager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the workers | workers's grievances |  | the manager |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent grievance=Theme to manager=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write down your grievance and we will look at it fairly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x3:1
# text = Write down your grievance and we will look at it fairly.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	grievance	grievance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write down** | imperative | you *not said here* | your grievance |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grievance=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | future | we |  |  |  |  | at grievance; fairly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The colonists sent a long list of grievances to the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x4:1
# text = The colonists sent a long list of grievances to the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	colonists	colonist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	grievances	grievance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the colonists | a long list of grievances | the king |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent list=Theme to king=Destination |
| 2 | **list** |  |  | grievances |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She nursed a grievance for years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x5:1
# text = She nursed a grievance for years.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	nursed	nurse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	grievance	grievance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nurse** | past | She | a grievance |  |  | year |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grievance=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school council listened to pupils' grievances about lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x6:1
# text = The school council listened to pupils' grievances about lunch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	listened	listen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	grievances	grievance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | participle |  | the school council *not said here* |  |  |  | to pupils's grievances about lunch | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to grievance=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Men often bear little grievances with less courage than they do large misfortunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievance:x7:1
# text = Men often bear little grievances with less courage than they do large misfortunes.
1	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	bear	bear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grievances	grievance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present | Men | little grievances |  |  |  | with less courage; often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grievance=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | present | Men *= man* | large misfortunes |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent misfortune=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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