---
title: grievously — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grievously» in the school dictionary: Very seriously or badly: grievously wounded. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grievously

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, old judge, village, king, sudden daughter, daughter · **What happens:** cause, wrong, wound, say, suffer, feel · **To what, where:** great sorrow, way, soldier, battle, flood, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grievously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grievously in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grievously.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very seriously or badly: grievously wounded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:m1:1
# text = Very seriously or badly: grievously wounded.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	seriously	seriously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	wounded	wounded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a way that causes great sorrow or harm: grievously wronged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:m2:1
# text = In a way that causes great sorrow or harm: grievously wronged.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	wronged	wrong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | that | great sorrow or harm |  | a way |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sorrow=Patient |
| 2 | **wrong** | participle | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | grievously *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldier was grievously wounded in the battle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:x1:1
# text = The soldier was grievously wounded in the battle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wound** | past · passive |  | the soldier |  | the battle |  | grievously *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You are grievously mistaken,» said the old judge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:x2:1
# text = «You are grievously mistaken,» said the old judge.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the old judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village suffered grievously in the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:x3:1
# text = The village suffered grievously in the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | past | the village |  |  | the flood |  | grievously *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king felt he had been grievously wronged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:x4:1
# text = The king felt he had been grievously wronged.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	wronged	wrong	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **wrong** | past · perfect · passive |  | king |  |  |  | grievously *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two climbers were grievously injured in the fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:x5:1
# text = Two climbers were grievously injured in the fall.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	climbers	climber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | past · passive |  | Two climbers |  | the fall |  | grievously *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All of a sudden the King's daughter fell grievously ill, and she sent for her father, and strictly enjoined him, saying--

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grievously:x6:1
# text = All of a sudden the King's daughter fell grievously ill, and she sent for her father, and strictly enjoined him, saying--
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	strictly	strictly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	enjoined	enjoin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the King's sudden daughter |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **send** | past | daughter |  |  |  |  | for daughter's father | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **enjoin** | past | the King's sudden daughter *not said here* | King |  |  |  | strictly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the King's sudden daughter *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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