---
title: grime — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grime» in the school dictionary: Dirt that has built up in a thick, sticky or black layer on a surface or skin: «the grime on the windows». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/grime/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [G](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/) / grime

# grime

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grime, fast rap music, windows, He, cleaner, cousin · **What happens:** build up, be, start, scrub, cover, wipe away · **To what, where:** Dirt, thick layer, style, London, grime, hands

<!-- .vabout -->
«grime» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grime in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grime.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dirt that has built up in a thick, sticky or black layer on a surface or skin: «the grime on the windows».

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:m1:1
# text = Dirt that has built up in a thick, sticky or black layer on a surface or skin: «the grime on the windows».
1	Dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
8	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | present · perfect · passive |  | Dirt |  | a thick layer on a surface or skin |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grime is a style of fast rap music that started in London around 2002.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:m2:1
# text = Grime is a style of fast rap music that started in London around 2002.
1	Grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	rap	rap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	around	around	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	2002	2002	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grime | a style |  |  |  | of fast rap music | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | past | fast rap music |  |  | London |  | around 2002 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The windows were black with grime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:x1:1
# text = The windows were black with grime.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the windows |  |  |  |  | with grime; black *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He scrubbed the grime off his hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:x2:1
# text = He scrubbed the grime off his hands.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scrubbed	scrub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scrub** | past | He | the grime |  | his hands |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent grime=Theme off hand=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Years of grime covered the old painting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:x3:1
# text = Years of grime covered the old painting.
1	Years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle · passive |  | Years of grime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Victorian chimney sweeps were covered in soot and grime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:x4:1
# text = Victorian chimney sweeps were covered in soot and grime.
1	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	chimney	chimney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sweeps	sweep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soot	soot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | Victorian chimney sweeps |  |  |  | in soot and grime | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in soot=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cleaner wiped away the grime from the oven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:x5:1
# text = The cleaner wiped away the grime from the oven.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wiped	wipe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	grime	grime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wipe away** | past | the cleaner | the grime |  | the oven |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent grime=Theme from oven=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin listens to grime and drill music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grime:x6:1
# text = My cousin listens to grime and drill music.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grime	grime	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drill	drill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | My cousin |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grime** | to-infinitive | My cousin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drill** | infinitive | My cousin *not said here* | music |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [grimace](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/grimace/)
- next →: [grimly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/grimly/)
- ↑ back to [G in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/)