---
title: grimly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grimly» in the school dictionary: In a stern, serious way, without smiling, often when trouble is expected. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grimly

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**Who acts:** We, he, soldiers, pirates · **What happens:** smile, expect, go on, say, march, listen · **To what, where:** trouble, hill · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«grimly» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grimly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grimly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a stern, serious way, without smiling, often when trouble is expected.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grimly:m1:1
# text = In a stern, serious way, without smiling, often when trouble is expected.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stern	stern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	smiling	smile	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in a stern and serious way | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in stern=Theme |
| 2 | **expect** | present · passive |  | trouble |  |  |  | often *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«We must go on,» he said grimly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grimly:x1:1
# text = «We must go on,» he said grimly.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	grimly	grimly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go on** *in a quote* | must | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | grimly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers marched grimly towards the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grimly:x2:1
# text = The soldiers marched grimly towards the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grimly	grimly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | the soldiers |  |  | the hill |  | grimly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards hill=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirates listened grimly to the news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grimly:x3:1
# text = The pirates listened grimly to the news.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grimly	grimly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | past | the pirates |  |  |  |  | to the news; grimly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to news=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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