---
title: grinder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grinder» in the school dictionary: A machine or tool that crushes something into small bits or powder: a coffee grinder, a pepper grinder. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grinder

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** machine, spinning disc, long sandwich, grinder, job, Dad · **What happens:** crush, spin, smooth, cut, call, be · **To what, where:** something, small bits, metal, sub, person, pepper grinder · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grinder» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grinder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grinder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A machine or tool that crushes something into small bits or powder: a coffee grinder, a pepper grinder.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:m1:1
# text = A machine or tool that crushes something into small bits or powder: a coffee grinder, a pepper grinder.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	crushes	crush	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	pepper	pepper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | present | a machine or tool | something |  |  |  | into small bits or powder *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent something=Patient into bit=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A power tool with a spinning disc that smooths or cuts metal or stone.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:m2:1
# text = A power tool with a spinning disc that smooths or cuts metal or stone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	spinning	spin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	compound	_	_
7	disc	disc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	smooths	smooth	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **smooth** | present | a spinning disc |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cut** | present | a spinning disc *not said here* | metal or stone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset metal=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A back tooth (molar).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:m3:1
# text = A back tooth (molar).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	molar	molar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long sandwich, also called a sub.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:m4:1
# text = A long sandwich, also called a sub.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sub	sub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | a long sandwich *not said here* | a sub |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grinder can also be a person whose job is to sharpen knives and scissors.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:m5:1
# text = A grinder can also be a person whose job is to sharpen knives and scissors.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	sharpen	sharpen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	scissors	scissors	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a grinder | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | job |  |  |  |  | sharpen *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad turns the pepper grinder over his pasta.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x1:1
# text = Dad turns the pepper grinder over his pasta.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pepper	pepper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Dad | the pepper grinder |  | Dad's pasta |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent grinder=Theme over pasta=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coffee grinder is very noisy in the morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x2:1
# text = The coffee grinder is very noisy in the morning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the coffee grinder |  |  |  | morning | noisy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builder used an angle grinder to cut the metal pipe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x3:1
# text = The builder used an angle grinder to cut the metal pipe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builder	builder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the builder | a angle grinder |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grinder=Patient |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | the builder *not said here* | the metal pipe |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pipe=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sparks flew from the grinder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x4:1
# text = Sparks flew from the grinder.
1	Sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | Sparks |  |  | the grinder |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from grinder=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear goggles when someone uses a grinder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x5:1
# text = Wear goggles when someone uses a grinder.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	goggles	goggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | goggles |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent goggle=Source |
| 2 | **use** | present | someone | a grinder |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grinder=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your back teeth are grinders that crush your food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x6:1
# text = Your back teeth are grinders that crush your food.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	grinders	grinder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	crush	crush	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your back teeth | grinders |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **crush** | present | grinders | your food |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As he came to the next village, he saw a scissor-grinder with his wheel, working and singing,

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinder:x7:1
# text = As he came to the next village, he saw a scissor-grinder with his wheel, working and singing,
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	scissor	scissor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	grinder	grinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | he |  |  | the next village |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to village=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | he | a scissor grinder |  |  |  | with his wheel | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer grinder=Stimulus |
| 3 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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