---
title: grinning — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grinning» in the school dictionary: Smiling widely, often showing the teeth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/grinning/)

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# grinning

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, you, He, grinning pumpkin, She, photo · **What happens:** smile, show, have, grin, run, walk · **To what, where:** teeth, big smile, sea, ear, doorstep, top

<!-- .vabout -->
«grinning» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grinning in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grinning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smiling widely, often showing the teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:m1:1
# text = Smiling widely, often showing the teeth.
1	Smiling	smile	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | widely *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | gerund |  | the teeth |  |  |  | often *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a big smile: «a grinning face».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:m2:1
# text = Having a big smile: «a grinning face».
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a big smile |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Patient |
| 2 | **grin** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children were grinning as they ran into the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x1:1
# text = The children were grinning as they ran into the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grin** | past · progressive | the children |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **run** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | into the sea *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into sea=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why are you grinning like that?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x2:1
# text = Why are you grinning like that?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grin** | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  | like that | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He walked in grinning from ear to ear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x3:1
# text = He walked in grinning from ear to ear.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grin** | gerund | He *not said here* |  | ear |  |  | to ear | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to ear=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grinning pumpkin sat on the doorstep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x4:1
# text = A grinning pumpkin sat on the doorstep.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	doorstep	doorstep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sit** | past | a grinning pumpkin |  |  | the doorstep |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on doorstep=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She stood grinning at the top of the climbing frame.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x5:1
# text = She stood grinning at the top of the climbing frame.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	climbing	climbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **grin** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  | the top of the climbing frame |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The photo shows our whole class grinning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x6:1
# text = The photo shows our whole class grinning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the photo | our whole class |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent class=Recipient |
| 2 | **grin** | gerund | the photo *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His feet were almost on the bridge, when a big grey wolf with grinning teeth appeared before the princess.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grinning:x7:1
# text = His feet were almost on the bridge, when a big grey wolf with grinning teeth appeared before the princess.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
9	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	grinning	grin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His feet |  |  | the bridge |  | almost *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **appear** | past | a big grey wolf with grinning teeth |  |  |  | before the princess |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before princess=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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