---
title: grit — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grit» in the school dictionary: Tiny hard bits of stone or sand. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grit

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, grit, you, I, It, She · **What happens:** keep, go, be, spread, grit, press · **To what, where:** grit, icy roads, teeth, bit, eye, race

<!-- .vabout -->
«grit» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grit in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grit.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiny hard bits of stone or sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:m1:1
# text = Tiny hard bits of stone or sand.
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courage and determination to keep going when things are hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:m2:1
# text = Courage and determination to keep going when things are hard.
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	determination	determination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	acl	_	_
6	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spread grit or salt on icy roads so they are less slippery (UK: gritting).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:m3:1
# text = To spread grit or salt on icy roads so they are less slippery (UK: gritting).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
13	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	gritting	grit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | to-infinitive |  | grit or salt |  | icy roads |  | slippery UK *obl* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent grit=Theme on road=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | grit |  |  |  |  | less, slippery *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **grit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grit your teeth: to press your teeth together, or to bravely put up with something hard.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:m4:1
# text = Grit your teeth: to press your teeth together, or to bravely put up with something hard.
1	Grit	grit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	press	press	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obl	_	_
18	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grit** | imperative | you *not said here* | your teeth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **press** | to-infinitive |  | your teeth |  |  |  | together *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |
| 3 | **put up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with something; bravely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I got a bit of grit in my eye at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x1:1
# text = I got a bit of grit in my eye at the beach.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | I | a bit of grit |  | my eye |  | at the beach | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent bit=Theme at beach=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes grit to keep practising when it's hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x2:1
# text = It takes grit to keep practising when it's hard.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	practising	practise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It | grit |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grit=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **practise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gritted her teeth and finished the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x3:1
# text = She gritted her teeth and finished the race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gritted	grit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grit** | past | She | her teeth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **finish** | past | She *not said here* | the race |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality race=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council gritted the roads before the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x4:1
# text = The council gritted the roads before the snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gritted	grit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grit** | past | the council | the roads |  |  | before the snow |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rinse the grit off the vegetables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x5:1
# text = Rinse the grit off the vegetables.
1	Rinse	rinse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rinse** | imperative | you *not said here* | the grit |  | the vegetables |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent grit=Theme off vegetable=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sandpaper has fine grit on one side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x6:1
# text = Sandpaper has fine grit on one side.
1	Sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sandpaper | fine grit |  | one side |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grit=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With grit and hard work, he learned to swim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x7:1
# text = With grit and hard work, he learned to swim.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | he |  |  |  |  | with grit and hard work | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **swim** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feel where she would, there was nothing but grit and stones, when, suddenly, her fingers touched something soft in a crevice.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grit:x8:1
# text = Feel where she would, there was nothing but grit and stones, when, suddenly, her fingers touched something soft in a crevice.
1	Feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
21	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	obj	_	_
22	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	crevice	crevice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | past | nothing |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **touch** | past | her fingers | something |  | a crevice |  | suddenly *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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