---
title: growing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «growing» in the school dictionary: Growing means getting bigger or taller right now. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# growing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Growing, growing child, tree, She, growing puppy, savings · **What happens:** grow, mean, get, raise, increase, become · **To what, where:** plants, seeds, more, one, 30 cm, 12 sunflowers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«growing» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [growing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/growing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growing means getting bigger or taller right now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:m1:1
# text = Growing means getting bigger or taller right now.
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	right	right	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **get** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  | now | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growing plants means raising them from seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:m2:1
# text = Growing plants means raising them from seeds.
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	raising	raise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  | plants |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plant=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Growing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **raise** *not said to happen* | gerund | Growing *not said here* | plants *= plant* |  | seeds |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme from seed=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growing can mean increasing or becoming more, like a growing crowd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:m3:1
# text = Growing can mean increasing or becoming more, like a growing crowd.
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	increasing	increase	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | can | Growing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **increase** *not said to happen* | gerund | Growing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a growing crowd | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **become** | gerund | Growing *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient more=Result |
| 5 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A growing child is one who is still getting bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:m4:1
# text = A growing child is one who is still getting bigger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a growing child | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  | still | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tree is growing 30 cm a year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x1:1
# text = The tree is growing 30 cm a year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · progressive | the tree | 30 cm  a year |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cm=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is growing 12 sunflowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x2:1
# text = She is growing 12 sunflowers.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sunflowers	sunflower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · progressive | She | 12 sunflowers |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sunflower=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The growing puppy eats more each week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x3:1
# text = The growing puppy eats more each week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | present | the growing puppy |  |  |  | week |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His savings keep growing by 5 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x4:1
# text = His savings keep growing by 5 dollars.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	savings	savings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | His savings |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | His savings *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by 5 dollars | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by dollar=Location |
| 3 | **save** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growing up on a farm, she learned to ride.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x5:1
# text = Growing up on a farm, she learned to ride.
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | gerund | she *not said here* |  |  | a farm |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on farm=Location |
| 2 | **learn** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **ride** | to-infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A growing crowd waited at the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x6:1
# text = A growing crowd waited at the gate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **wait** | past | a growing crowd |  |  | the gate |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at gate=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are growing beans in cups on the windowsill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x7:1
# text = We are growing beans in cups on the windowsill.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	windowsill	windowsill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · progressive | We | beans |  | cups on the windowsill |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bean=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Growing children need about 10 hours of sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x8:1
# text = Growing children need about 10 hours of sleep.
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **need** | present | Growing children |  |  |  | hour |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I feel that I am growing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growing:x9:1
# text = I feel that I am growing.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **grow** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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