---
title: growl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «growl» in the school dictionary: Of an animal like a dog, bear or lion, to make a low, rough, deep sound in the throat as a warning or because it is angry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# growl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sound, tummy, dog, boy, bear, giant · **What happens:** make, be, say, growl, reach, give · **To what, where:** low rough deep sound, throat, something, low angry voice, low rumbling noise, deep growl · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«growl» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [growl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/growl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of an animal like a dog, bear or lion, to make a low, rough, deep sound in the throat as a warning or because it is angry.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:m1:1
# text = Of an animal like a dog, bear or lion, to make a low, rough, deep sound in the throat as a warning or because it is angry.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
15	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
28	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a low rough deep sound |  | the throat |  | of a animal like a dog and bear or lion; as a warning | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | sound |  |  |  |  | angry *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a person, to say something in a low, angry voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:m2:1
# text = Of a person, to say something in a low, angry voice.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | something |  | a low angry voice |  | of a person | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent something=Theme in voice=Manner |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a stomach or engine, to make a low rumbling noise: my tummy is growling.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:m3:1
# text = Of a stomach or engine, to make a low rumbling noise: my tummy is growling.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	growling	growl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a low rumbling noise |  |  |  | of a stomach or engine | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
| 2 | **growl** | present · progressive | my tummy |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog growled when the boy reached for its bone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x1:1
# text = The dog growled when the boy reached for its bone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reach** | past | the boy |  |  |  |  | for dog's bone | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a dog growls, back away slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x2:1
# text = If a dog growls, back away slowly.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	growls	growl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | present | a dog |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bear gave a deep growl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x3:1
# text = The bear gave a deep growl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	growl	growl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the bear | a deep growl |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growl=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Get out!" the giant growled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x4:1
# text = "Get out!" the giant growled.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get out** *in a quote* | infinitive | the giant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **growl** | past | the giant |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My stomach growled during the quiet test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x5:1
# text = My stomach growled during the quiet test.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | past | My stomach |  |  |  | during the quiet test |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car engine growled as it climbed the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x6:1
# text = The car engine growled as it climbed the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	growled	growl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | participle |  | the car engine *not said here* |  |  |  | as engine | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **climb** | past | the car engine | the hill |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location hill=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never tease a dog that is growling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x7:1
# text = Never tease a dog that is growling.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	tease	tease	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	growling	growl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tease** | imperative | you *not said here* | a dog |  |  |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |
| 2 | **growl** | present · progressive | a dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lion growled to warn the other lions away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x8:1
# text = The lion growled to warn the other lions away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	warn	warn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | past | the lion |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **warn** *speech: warn* | to-infinitive | the lion *not said here* |  | the other lions |  |  | away *property* | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lion=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Nonsense, nonsense!" growled the sleepy Giant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growl:x9:1
# text = "Nonsense, nonsense!" growled the sleepy Giant.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	growled	growl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **growl** | past | Nonsense and nonsense |  |  |  |  | giant *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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