---
title: growth — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «growth» in the school dictionary: Getting bigger, taller or more developed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/growth/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [G](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/) / growth

# growth

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Plants, We, bean plant, He, Sleep, body · **What happens:** get, be, grow, need, measure, have · **To what, where:** light, growth, growth spurt, 5 centimetres, population growth, tree

<!-- .vabout -->
«growth» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [growth in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/growth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting bigger, taller or more developed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:m1:1
# text = Getting bigger, taller or more developed.
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
7	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | more *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a growth spurt".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:m1e:1
# text = "a growth spurt".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	spurt	spurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An increase in amount.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:m2:1
# text = An increase in amount.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"population growth".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:m2e:1
# text = "population growth".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that grows, such as new plants or a lump on the skin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:m3:1
# text = Something that grows, such as new plants or a lump on the skin.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present |  |  |  |  |  | such new plants or a lump on the skin | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants need light for growth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x1:1
# text = Plants need light for growth.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Plants | light |  |  |  | for growth | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot light=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We measured the bean plant's growth each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x2:1
# text = We measured the bean plant's growth each day.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bean	bean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | We | the bean plant's growth |  |  | day |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme growth=Value |
| 2 | **grow** |  | the bean plant |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a growth spurt and grew 5 centimetres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x3:1
# text = He had a growth spurt and grew 5 centimetres.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	spurt	spurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a growth spurt |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spurt=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** | past | He *not said here* | 5 centimetres |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location centimetre=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sleep helps your body's growth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x4:1
# text = Sleep helps your body's growth.
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Sleep | your body's growth |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **grow** |  | your body |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The graph shows the town's population growth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x5:1
# text = The graph shows the town's population growth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the graph | the town's population growth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent growth=Recipient |
| 2 | **grow** |  | the town |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New growth appeared on the tree in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x6:1
# text = New growth appeared on the tree in spring.
1	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | past | New growth |  |  | the tree | spring |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am only a little backward, perhaps, in my growth.’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:growth:x7:1
# text = I am only a little backward, perhaps, in my growth.’
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | backward, little *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [grownup](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/grownup/)
- next →: [groyne](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/groyne/)
- ↑ back to [G in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/)