---
title: groyne — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «groyne» in the school dictionary: A low wall or fence of wood, stone or concrete built out from a beach into the sea to stop the sand and pebbles being washed away. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# groyne

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Wooden groynes, Groynes, We, Sand, council, our · **What happens:** build out, stop, wash away, stretch down, trap, carry · **To what, where:** low wall, beach, sand, pebbles, Brighton, groyne

<!-- .vabout -->
«groyne» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [groyne in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/groyne.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A low wall or fence of wood, stone or concrete built out from a beach into the sea to stop the sand and pebbles being washed away.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:m1:1
# text = A low wall or fence of wood, stone or concrete built out from a beach into the sea to stop the sand and pebbles being washed away.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
28	away	away	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build out** | participle |  | a low wall or fence of wood and stone or concrete *not said here* |  | a beach |  | into the sea | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from beach=Material |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | the sand and pebbles |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sand=Eventuality |
| 3 | **wash away** | gerund · passive |  | pebbles *not said here* |  |  |  | away *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wooden groynes stretch down the beach at Brighton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:x1:1
# text = Wooden groynes stretch down the beach at Brighton.
1	Wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	groynes	groyne	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stretch	stretch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Brighton	Brighton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch down** | present | Wooden groynes | the beach |  | Brighton |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent beach=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Groynes trap sand carried by longshore drift.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:x2:1
# text = Groynes trap sand carried by longshore drift.
1	Groynes	groyne	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trap	trap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	longshore	longshore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	drift	drift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trap** | present | Groynes | sand |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | participle |  | sand *not said here* |  |  |  | by longshore drift | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on a groyne and ate our picnic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:x3:1
# text = We sat on a groyne and ate our picnic.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	groyne	groyne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | a groyne |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on groyne=Location |
| 2 | **eat** | past | We *not said here* | our picnic |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picnic=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sand piles up on one side of each groyne.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:x4:1
# text = Sand piles up on one side of each groyne.
1	Sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	piles	pile	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	groyne	groyne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile up** | present | Sand |  |  | one side of each groyne |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on side=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council built new groynes to protect the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:x5:1
# text = The council built new groynes to protect the coast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	groynes	groyne	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the council | new groynes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset groyne=Product |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the council *not said here* | the coast |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coast=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our geography test we had to label the groynes on a diagram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:groyne:x6:1
# text = In our geography test we had to label the groynes on a diagram.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	label	label	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	groynes	groyne	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | we |  |  | our geography test |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **label** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | the groynes |  | a diagram |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent groyne=Destination |
| 3 | **test** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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