---
title: grudge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grudge» in the school dictionary: A grudge is a feeling of anger or dislike you keep for a long time against someone who you think treated you badly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grudge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grudge, you, someone, He, two families, She · **What happens:** be, dislike, keep, think, treat, hold · **To what, where:** feeling, you, grudge, something, someone, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grudge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grudge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grudge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grudge is a feeling of anger or dislike you keep for a long time against someone who you think treated you badly.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:m1:1
# text = A grudge is a feeling of anger or dislike you keep for a long time against someone who you think treated you badly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dislike	dislike	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	nmod	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a grudge | a feeling |  |  |  | of anger | tree rules |
| 2 | **dislike** | infinitive | a grudge *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **keep** | present | you |  |  |  | time |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **treat** | participle |  |  | you |  |  | badly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hold or bear a grudge is to keep that feeling and not forgive.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:m2:1
# text = To hold or bear a grudge is to keep that feeling and not forgive.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	forgive	forgive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | infinitive |  | a grudge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **forgive** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To grudge (or begrudge) something is to give it or let someone have it unwillingly.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:m3:1
# text = To grudge (or begrudge) something is to give it or let someone have it unwillingly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	grudge	grudge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	begrudge	begrudge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	unwillingly	unwillingly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grudge** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begrudge** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | give *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** | infinitive | someone *not said here* | it |  |  |  | unwillingly *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He held a grudge against me for weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x1:1
# text = He held a grudge against me for weeks.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | He | a grudge |  |  | week | against me | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent grudge=Theme against i=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't hold a grudge — say sorry and move on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x2:1
# text = Don't hold a grudge — say sorry and move on.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hold** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a grudge |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **move on** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two families had an old grudge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x3:1
# text = The two families had an old grudge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the two families | a old grudge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She doesn't bear grudges; she forgives quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x4:1
# text = She doesn't bear grudges; she forgives quickly.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	grudges	grudge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	forgives	forgive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **bear** | present · do-support | She | grudges |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient |
| 2 | **forgive** | present | she |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a grudge match between the two teams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x5:1
# text = It was a grudge match between the two teams.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a grudge match |  |  |  | between the two teams | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I don't grudge him his win; he trained hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x6:1
# text = I don't grudge him his win; he trained hard.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	grudge	grudge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	trained	train	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **grudge** | present · do-support | I | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **train** | past | he |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **win** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom win «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Holding a grudge made her feel bad inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x7:1
# text = Holding a grudge made her feel bad inside.
1	Holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | gerund |  | a grudge |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | Holding | her *= she* |  |  |  | inside *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | her *= she* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not grudge others what you cannot enjoy yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grudge:x8:1
# text = Do not grudge others what you cannot enjoy yourself.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	grudge	grudge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
10	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **grudge** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer other=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **enjoy** | can | you | yourself |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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