---
title: gruffly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gruffly» in the school dictionary: In a rough, deep, unfriendly voice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gruffly

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**Who acts:** he, cat, troll · **What happens:** go away, say, reply, answer · **To what, where:** chair, bridge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«gruffly» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gruffly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gruffly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a rough, deep, unfriendly voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gruffly:m1:1
# text = In a rough, deep, unfriendly voice.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Go away,» he said gruffly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gruffly:x1:1
# text = «Go away,» he said gruffly.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	gruffly	gruffly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go away** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | gruffly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat replied gruffly from her chair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gruffly:x2:1
# text = The cat replied gruffly from her chair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gruffly	gruffly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the cat |  |  | cat's chair |  | gruffly *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The troll answered gruffly from under the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gruffly:x3:1
# text = The troll answered gruffly from under the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	troll	troll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gruffly	gruffly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the troll |  |  | the bridge |  | gruffly *property* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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