---
title: grumble — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grumble» in the school dictionary: To complain in a low, unhappy voice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grumble

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tummy, Thunder, you, He, I, Dad · **What happens:** complain, make, grumble, stop, tidy, be · **To what, where:** low unhappy voice, low rumbling sound, room, Thunder, grumble, old man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grumble» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grumble in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/grumble.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To complain in a low, unhappy voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:m1:1
# text = To complain in a low, unhappy voice.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	complain	complain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a low unhappy voice |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A complaint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:m2:1
# text = A complaint.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a low rumbling sound: «My tummy grumbled», «Thunder grumbled».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:m3:1
# text = To make a low rumbling sound: «My tummy grumbled», «Thunder grumbled».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a low rumbling sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grumble** *speech: other* *in a quote* | past | My tummy |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **grumble** *speech: other* *in a quote* | past | Thunder |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop grumbling and tidy your room!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x1:1
# text = Stop grumbling and tidy your room!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	grumbling	grumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grumble** *speech: other* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tidy** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He grumbled about the rain all day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x2:1
# text = He grumbled about the rain all day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  | day | about the rain | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about rain=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My tummy is grumbling — I'm hungry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x3:1
# text = My tummy is grumbling — I'm hungry.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grumbling	grumble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | present · progressive | My tummy |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thunder grumbled in the distance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x4:1
# text = Thunder grumbled in the distance.
1	Thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | participle |  | Thunder *not said here* |  |  |  | in the distance | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad had a grumble about the price of petrol.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x5:1
# text = Dad had a grumble about the price of petrol.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	grumble	grumble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Dad | a grumble |  |  |  | about the price of petrol | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grumble=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man grumbled at the noisy children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x6:1
# text = The old man grumbled at the noisy children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | participle |  | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  | at the noisy children | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Scarecrow began to grumble a bit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:grumble:x7:1
# text = The Scarecrow began to grumble a bit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Scarecrow	scarecrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grumble	grumble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Scarecrow |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grumble** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | the Scarecrow *not said here* | a bit |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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