---
title: guano — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «guano» in the school dictionary: Guano is the droppings of seabirds or bats, which pile up in huge amounts on rocks and in caves. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# guano

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Guano, droppings, plants, rocks, Farmers, crops · **What happens:** be, pile up, use, help, grow, cover · **To what, where:** droppings, huge amounts, Guano, plants, Guano bird, crops

<!-- .vabout -->
«guano» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [guano in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/guano.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guano is the droppings of seabirds or bats, which pile up in huge amounts on rocks and in caves.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:m1:1
# text = Guano is the droppings of seabirds or bats, which pile up in huge amounts on rocks and in caves.
1	Guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	seabirds	seabird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	pile	pile	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Guano | the droppings |  |  |  | of seabirds or bats | tree rules |
| 2 | **pile up** | present | the droppings |  |  | huge amounts on rocks and caves |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in amount=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guano is used as a strong fertiliser to help plants grow because it is full of nitrogen and phosphorus.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:m2:1
# text = Guano is used as a strong fertiliser to help plants grow because it is full of nitrogen and phosphorus.
1	Guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fertiliser	fertiliser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	nitrogen	nitrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	phosphorus	phosphorus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Guano |  |  |  | as a strong fertiliser | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as fertiliser=Attribute |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive |  | plants |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent plant=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | infinitive | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | Guano |  |  |  |  | of nitrogen and phosphorus; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guano is bird or bat poo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x1:1
# text = Guano is bird or bat poo.
1	Guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	poo	poo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Guano bird or bat poo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rocks were white with seabird guano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x2:1
# text = The rocks were white with seabird guano.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	seabird	seabird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the rocks |  |  |  |  | with seabird guano; white *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers used guano to help crops grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x3:1
# text = Farmers used guano to help crops grow.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Farmers | guano |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guano=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Farmers *not said here* | crops |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent crop=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | infinitive | crops *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bat cave floor was covered in guano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x4:1
# text = The bat cave floor was covered in guano.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the bat cave floor |  |  |  | in guano | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in guano=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Islands near Peru were mined for guano long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x5:1
# text = Islands near Peru were mined for guano long ago.
1	Islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	near	near	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	mined	mine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mine** | past · passive |  | Islands near Peru |  |  |  | for guano; ago *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for guano=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guano is full of nutrients for plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x6:1
# text = Guano is full of nutrients for plants.
1	Guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	nutrients	nutrient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Guano |  |  |  |  | of nutrients; for plants; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a mask in bat caves because guano dust can make you ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x7:1
# text = Wear a mask in bat caves because guano dust can make you ill.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mask	mask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a mask |  | bat caves |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | can | guano dust | you |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penguins make burrows in old guano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guano:x8:1
# text = Penguins make burrows in old guano.
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	burrows	burrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	guano	guano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Penguins | burrows |  | old guano |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burrow=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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