---
title: guilty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «guilty» in the school dictionary: Feeling bad because you know you did something wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# guilty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, dog, judge, man, He · **What happens:** feel, know, do, decide, break, eat · **To what, where:** something, law, chocolate, guilty conscience, lie, no · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«guilty» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [guilty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/guilty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling bad because you know you did something wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:m1:1
# text = Feeling bad because you know you did something wrong.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | past | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having done something wrong or against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:m2:1
# text = Having done something wrong or against the law.
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund · perfect |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Decided by a court to have broken the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:m3:1
# text = Decided by a court to have broken the law.
1	Decided	decide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a court | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **break** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | the law |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt guilty about eating my sister's chocolate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x1:1
# text = I felt guilty about eating my sister's chocolate.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | I *not said here* | my sister's chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog looked guilty next to the chewed shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x2:1
# text = The dog looked guilty next to the chewed shoe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	next	next	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chewed	chew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | guilty, next *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **chew** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge said the man was guilty of stealing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x3:1
# text = The judge said the man was guilty of stealing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stealing	stealing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the man |  |  |  |  | of stealing; guilty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a guilty conscience after telling a lie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x4:1
# text = He had a guilty conscience after telling a lie.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	conscience	conscience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a guilty conscience |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conscience=Patient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | He *not said here* | a lie |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't feel guilty about saying no to a stranger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x5:1
# text = Don't feel guilty about saying no to a stranger.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **feel** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* | no | a stranger |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to stranger=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was found not guilty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x6:1
# text = She was found not guilty.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am guilty, wretch that I am!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guilty:x7:1
# text = I am guilty, wretch that I am!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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