---
title: gull — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gull» in the school dictionary: A large grey and white seabird with long wings and a loud cry, often seen at beaches and harbours; also called a seagull. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gull

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** large grey seabird, gull, gulls, We, you, Kotick · **What happens:** see, call, trick, fool, steal, cry · **To what, where:** loud cry, beaches, seagull, someone, chips, beach · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gull» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gull in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gull.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large grey and white seabird with long wings and a loud cry, often seen at beaches and harbours; also called a seagull.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:m1:1
# text = A large grey and white seabird with long wings and a loud cry, often seen at beaches and harbours; also called a seagull.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	seabird	seabird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	harbours	harbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	also	also	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	seagull	seagull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | participle |  | a loud cry *not said here* |  | beaches and harbours |  | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a large grey seabird with long wings and a loud cry *not said here* | a seagull |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To trick or fool someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:m2:1
# text = To trick or fool someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	trick	trick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	fool	fool	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fool** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gull stole my chips at the beach!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x1:1
# text = A gull stole my chips at the beach!
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gull	gull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stole	steal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | past | a gull | my chips |  | the beach |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location chip=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gulls cried loudly over the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x2:1
# text = The gulls cried loudly over the harbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the gulls |  |  | the harbour |  | loudly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over harbour=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched gulls following the fishing boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x3:1
# text = We watched gulls following the fishing boat.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | gulls |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund | gulls *not said here* | the fishing boat |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gulls have webbed feet for swimming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x4:1
# text = Gulls have webbed feet for swimming.
1	Gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	webbed	web	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **web** | present · perfect · passive |  | Gulls |  |  |  | for swimming | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please don't feed the gulls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x5:1
# text = Please don't feed the gulls.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	feed	feed	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **feed** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the gulls |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gull was standing on one leg on the rooftop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x6:1
# text = A gull was standing on one leg on the rooftop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gull	gull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rooftop	rooftop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past · progressive | a gull |  |  | one leg on the rooftop |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on leg=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gull:x7:1
# text = Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream.
1	Kotick	Kotick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Novastoshnah	Novastoshnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	scream	scream	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim back** | past | Kotick |  | Novastoshnah |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to novastoshnah=Destination |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | Kotick *not said here* | the gulls |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Theme |
| 3 | **scream** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | Kotick *not said here* | the gulls *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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