---
title: guru — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «guru» in the school dictionary: In Hinduism and Sikhism, a guru is a holy teacher and guide; Sikhs honour ten human Gurus and their holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# guru

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** guru, Sikhs, expert, uncle, computer guru, spelling guru · **What happens:** be, honour, go, treat, fix, help · **To what, where:** holy teacher, Hinduism, ten human Gurus, expert, first Sikh Guru, Guru Granth Sahib · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«guru» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [guru in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/guru.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Hinduism and Sikhism, a guru is a holy teacher and guide; Sikhs honour ten human Gurus and their holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:m1:1
# text = In Hinduism and Sikhism, a guru is a holy teacher and guide; Sikhs honour ten human Gurus and their holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Hinduism	Hinduism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Sikhism	Sikhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	Sikhs	Sikh	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	honour	honour	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
18	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Gurus	Gurus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Guru	Guru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Granth	Granth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
28	Sahib	Sahib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a guru | a holy teacher and guide |  | Hinduism and Sikhism |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **honour** | present | Sikhs | ten human Gurus and Sikhs's holy book and the Guru Granth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A guru is an expert that others go to for advice, like "a computer guru" or "a fitness guru".

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:m2:1
# text = A guru is an expert that others go to for advice, like "a computer guru" or "a fitness guru".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	expert	expert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	fitness	fitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a guru | a expert or a fitness guru |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | a expert or a fitness guru |  |  |  |  | for advice | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for advice=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guru Nanak was the first Sikh Guru.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:x1:1
# text = Guru Nanak was the first Sikh Guru.
1	Guru	Guru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Nanak	Nanak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
6	Sikh	sikh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Guru	Guru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Guru | the first Sikh Guru |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Guru Granth Sahib is treated with great respect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:x2:1
# text = The Guru Granth Sahib is treated with great respect.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Guru	Guru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	Granth	Granth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Sahib	Sahib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | present · passive |  | the Guru Granth Sahib |  |  |  | with great respect | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with respect=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a computer guru who fixes everything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:x3:1
# text = My uncle is a computer guru who fixes everything.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fixes	fix	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a computer guru |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fix** | present | a computer guru | everything |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent everything=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class's spelling guru helped me with "necessary".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:x4:1
# text = The class's spelling guru helped me with "necessary".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the class's spelling guru |  | me |  |  | necessary *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fitness guru on the video said to drink lots of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:x5:1
# text = The fitness guru on the video said to drink lots of water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fitness	fitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	guru	guru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the fitness guru on the video |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **drink** | to-infinitive | the fitness guru on the video *not said here* | lots of water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some internet gurus give bad advice, so check what they say.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:guru:x6:1
# text = Some internet gurus give bad advice, so check what they say.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	gurus	guru	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | some internet gurus | bad advice |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | infinitive | some internet gurus *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | gurus *= guru* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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