---
title: gymnastics — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gymnastics» in the school dictionary: Gymnastics is a sport of exercises that show strength, balance and flexibility, like rolls, cartwheels, handstands and moves on bars and beams. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gymnastics

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gymnastics, exercises, She, We, gymnastics team, Rhythmic gymnastics · **What happens:** be, show, mean, move, go, do · **To what, where:** sport, strength, mental gymnastics, gymnastics, favourite part, gymnastics sequence

<!-- .vabout -->
«gymnastics» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gymnastics in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gymnastics.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gymnastics is a sport of exercises that show strength, balance and flexibility, like rolls, cartwheels, handstands and moves on bars and beams.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:m1:1
# text = Gymnastics is a sport of exercises that show strength, balance and flexibility, like rolls, cartwheels, handstands and moves on bars and beams.
1	Gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	exercises	exercise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	rolls	roll	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	cartwheels	cartwheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	handstands	handstand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	moves	move	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gymnastics | a sport |  |  |  | of exercises | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | exercises | strength and balance and flexibility and rolls and cartwheels and handstands and moves on bars and beams |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent strength=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gymnastics can mean very clever or difficult thinking or moves: «mental gymnastics».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:m2:1
# text = Gymnastics can mean very clever or difficult thinking or moves: «mental gymnastics».
1	Gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Gymnastics |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **move** | present | Gymnastics *not said here* | mental gymnastics |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She goes to gymnastics every Tuesday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x1:1
# text = She goes to gymnastics every Tuesday.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	Tuesday	Tuesday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | She |  |  | gymnastics | tuesday |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to gymnastic=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gymnastics is my favourite part of PE.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x2:1
# text = Gymnastics is my favourite part of PE.
1	Gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gymnastics | my favourite part |  |  |  | of PE | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did a gymnastics sequence with a roll and a balance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x3:1
# text = We did a gymnastics sequence with a roll and a balance.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gymnastics	gymnastics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sequence	sequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | a gymnastics sequence |  |  |  | with a roll and a balance | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sequence=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gymnastics needs strength and flexibility.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x4:1
# text = Gymnastics needs strength and flexibility.
1	Gymnastics	gymnastics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Gymnastics | strength and flexibility |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot strength=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gymnastics team won a gold medal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x5:1
# text = The gymnastics team won a gold medal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | the gymnastics team | a gold medal |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medal=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rhythmic gymnastics uses ribbons, hoops and balls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x6:1
# text = Rhythmic gymnastics uses ribbons, hoops and balls.
1	Rhythmic	rhythmic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ribbons	ribbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hoops	hoop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Rhythmic gymnastics | ribbons and hoops and balls |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ribbon=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always use a mat when you practise gymnastics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x7:1
# text = Always use a mat when you practise gymnastics.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	practise	practise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a mat |  |  |  | always *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mat=Patient |
| 2 | **practise** | present | you | gymnastics |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Solving that puzzle took some mental gymnastics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gymnastics:x8:1
# text = Solving that puzzle took some mental gymnastics.
1	Solving	solve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gymnastics	gymnastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solve** | gerund |  | that puzzle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | past | Solving | some mental gymnastics |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gymnastic=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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