---
title: gypsum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gypsum» in the school dictionary: Gypsum is a soft white or grey mineral found in rocks, used to make plaster, chalk-like boards for walls, and some fertilisers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gypsum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gypsum, White Sands, Farmers, We · **What happens:** be, find, use, make, scratch, heat · **To what, where:** soft mineral, rocks, plaster, gypsum, walls, dunes

<!-- .vabout -->
«gypsum» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gypsum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gypsum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gypsum is a soft white or grey mineral found in rocks, used to make plaster, chalk-like boards for walls, and some fertilisers.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:m1:1
# text = Gypsum is a soft white or grey mineral found in rocks, used to make plaster, chalk-like boards for walls, and some fertilisers.
1	Gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	boards	board	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	fertilisers	fertiliser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gypsum | a soft mineral |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | a soft mineral *not said here* |  | rocks and some fertilisers |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | rocks and some fertilisers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | plaster and like boards for walls |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plaster=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gypsum is soft enough to scratch with a fingernail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:x1:1
# text = Gypsum is soft enough to scratch with a fingernail.
1	Gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fingernail	fingernail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gypsum |  |  |  |  | enough, soft *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **scratch** | to-infinitive | Gypsum *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a fingernail | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with fingernail=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plaster of Paris is made by heating gypsum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:x2:1
# text = Plaster of Paris is made by heating gypsum.
1	Plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	heating	heat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	_
8	gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Plaster of Paris |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **heat** | gerund |  | gypsum |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gypsum=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The walls of our house are made of gypsum plasterboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:x3:1
# text = The walls of our house are made of gypsum plasterboard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	plasterboard	plasterboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the walls of our house |  |  |  | of gypsum plasterboard | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
White Sands in New Mexico has dunes of gypsum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:x4:1
# text = White Sands in New Mexico has dunes of gypsum.
1	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Sands	sand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | White Sands in New Mexico | dunes of gypsum |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dune=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers sometimes spread gypsum on clay soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:x5:1
# text = Farmers sometimes spread gypsum on clay soil.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Farmers | gypsum |  | clay soil |  | sometimes *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gypsum=Theme on soil=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the hardness of gypsum and quartz in science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsum:x6:1
# text = We tested the hardness of gypsum and quartz in science.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hardness	hardness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gypsum	gypsum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	quartz	quartz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the hardness of gypsum and quartz in science |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hardness=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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