---
title: gypsy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gypsy» in the school dictionary: An old name for a person of the Romani people (Roma), whose ancestors came from India long ago and travelled through Europe; many Romani people still travel, many live in houses. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gypsy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ancestors, many Romani people, many, Toad, Romani people, we · **What happens:** come, travel, live, move, buy, paint · **To what, where:** India, Europe, houses, travelling life, caravan, bright yellow gipsy caravan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gypsy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gypsy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gypsy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old name for a person of the Romani people (Roma), whose ancestors came from India long ago and travelled through Europe; many Romani people still travel, many live in houses.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:m1:1
# text = An old name for a person of the Romani people (Roma), whose ancestors came from India long ago and travelled through Europe; many Romani people still travel, many live in houses.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Roma	Roma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	_
21	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
27	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	Romani	romani	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
30	still	still	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	travel	travel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	nsubj	_	_
34	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | ancestors |  |  | India |  | ago *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **travel** | past | ancestors *not said here* |  |  | Europe |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through europe=Trajectory |
| 3 | **travel** | present | many Romani people |  |  |  | still |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **live** | present | many |  |  | houses |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in old books — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
anyone who lives a travelling life, moving in a caravan from place to place.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:m2:1
# text = anyone who lives a travelling life, moving in a caravan from place to place.
1	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	travelling	travelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present |  | a travelling life |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |
| 2 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  | a caravan |  | from place to place | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in caravan=Source from place=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
of a travelling kind: a gypsy caravan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:m3:1
# text = of a travelling kind: a gypsy caravan.
1	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	gypsy	gypsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad bought a bright yellow gipsy caravan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x1:1
# text = Toad bought a bright yellow gipsy caravan.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Toad | a bright yellow gipsy caravan |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caravan=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old gypsy caravans were painted red and gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x2:1
# text = The old gypsy caravans were painted red and gold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	gypsy	gypsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	caravans	caravan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past · passive |  | the old gypsy caravans |  |  |  | red *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad sold the barge-woman's horse to a gipsy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x3:1
# text = Toad sold the barge-woman's horse to a gipsy.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	barge	barge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | Toad | the barge woman's horse | a gipsy |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent horse=Theme to gipsy=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romani people, once called gypsies, have their own language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x4:1
# text = Romani people, once called gypsies, have their own language.
1	Romani	romani	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	gypsies	gypsy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | Romani people *not said here* | gypsies |  |  |  | once *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | Romani people | people's own language |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history we learned how Roma people were treated in the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x5:1
# text = In history we learned how Roma people were treated in the war.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	Roma	Roma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | we |  |  | history |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **treat** | past · passive |  | Roma people |  | the war |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story told of travelling folk who lived in caravans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x6:1
# text = The story told of travelling folk who lived in caravans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	caravans	caravan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the story |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **travel** | gerund | the story *not said here* | folk |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme folk=Trajectory |
| 3 | **live** | past | folk |  |  | caravans |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in caravan=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some families in Ireland and Britain are Travellers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x7:1
# text = Some families in Ireland and Britain are Travellers.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	Travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | some families in Ireland and Britain | Travellers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He understood the gypsy woman's meaning now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gypsy:x8:1
# text = He understood the gypsy woman's meaning now.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gypsy	gypsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past | He | the gypsy woman's meaning |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer meaning=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mean** |  | the gypsy woman |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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