---
title: habitual — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «habitual» in the school dictionary: Done often, as a habit: his habitual walk after dinner. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# habitual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** his, Grandpa, He, She, Habitual exercise, Nobody · **What happens:** do, walk, take, be, sit, keep · **To what, where:** something, habitual walk, park, habitual latecomer, habitual place, you

<!-- .vabout -->
«habitual» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [habitual in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/habitual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done often, as a habit: his habitual walk after dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:m1:1
# text = Done often, as a habit: his habitual walk after dinner.
1	Done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	habitual	habitual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as a habit  his habitual walk after dinner; often *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **walk** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  | after dinner |  | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent after=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing something often or regularly, especially something bad: a habitual liar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:m2:1
# text = Doing something often or regularly, especially something bad: a habitual liar.
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	regularly	regularly	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	habitual	habitual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | something *obl*; often *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Usual: her habitual seat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:m3:1
# text = Usual: her habitual seat.
1	Usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	habitual	habitual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa took his habitual walk around the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:x1:1
# text = Grandpa took his habitual walk around the park.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	habitual	habitual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Grandpa | Grandpa's habitual walk |  | the park |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent walk=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** |  | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a habitual latecomer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:x2:1
# text = He is a habitual latecomer.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	habitual	habitual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	latecomer	latecomer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a habitual latecomer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sat in her habitual place by the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:x3:1
# text = She sat in her habitual place by the window.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	habitual	habitual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | She |  |  | her habitual place |  | by the window | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Habitual exercise keeps you healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:x4:1
# text = Habitual exercise keeps you healthy.
1	Habitual	habitual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Habitual exercise | you |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody trusts a habitual liar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:x5:1
# text = Nobody trusts a habitual liar.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trusts	trust	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	habitual	habitual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trust** | present | Nobody | a habitual liar |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liar=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His habitual smile made everyone feel welcome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:habitual:x6:1
# text = His habitual smile made everyone feel welcome.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	habitual	habitual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	welcome	welcome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His habitual smile | everyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | welcome *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **smile** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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