---
title: hack — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hack» in the school dictionary: To hack means to cut something roughly with hard, quick strokes, like with an axe or a big knife. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hack

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hack, clever quick trick, hacking cough, informal, They, Someone · **What happens:** hack, mean, cut, get, steal, change · **To what, where:** something, computer, information, clever quick trick, cough, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hack» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hack in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hack.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hack means to cut something roughly with hard, quick strokes, like with an axe or a big knife.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:m1:1
# text = To hack means to cut something roughly with hard, quick strokes, like with an axe or a big knife.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hack	hack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	strokes	stroke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cut** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | with hard quick strokes and a axe or a big knife; roughly *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient with stroke=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hack into a computer means to get into it without permission, to steal or change information.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:m2:1
# text = To hack into a computer means to get into it without permission, to steal or change information.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hack	hack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	steal	steal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
18	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | into a computer | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into computer=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **get** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | computer |  | without permission | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into it=Destination |
| 4 | **steal** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **change** | infinitive |  | information |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hack (life hack) is a clever, quick trick that makes something easier.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:m3:1
# text = A hack (life hack) is a clever, quick trick that makes something easier.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hack	hack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	hack	hack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	_
16	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hack | a clever quick trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a clever quick trick | something |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hacking cough is a rough, dry, repeated cough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:m4:1
# text = A hacking cough is a rough, dry, repeated cough.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hacking	hacking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
11	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a hacking cough |  |  |  |  | rough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a hacking cough *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **repeat** | participle |  | cough |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cough=Eventuality |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Can't hack it» (informal) means can't cope with something.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:m5:1
# text = «Can't hack it» (informal) means can't cope with something.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	hack	hack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	cope	cope	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **hack** *in a quote* | can |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 2 | **mean** | present | informal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **cope** | can |  |  |  |  |  | with something | vn cope-83-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with something=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hacked their way through the thick jungle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x1:1
# text = They hacked their way through the thick jungle.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hacked	hack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | past | They | their way |  | the thick jungle |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone hacked into my brother's game account.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x2:1
# text = Someone hacked into my brother's game account.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hacked	hack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | past | Someone |  |  |  |  | into my brother's game account | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into account=Patient |
| 2 | **account** |  | my brother |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a strong password so you don't get hacked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x3:1
# text = Use a strong password so you don't get hacked.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	get	get	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	hacked	hack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a strong password |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent password=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **hack** | present · passive · do-support |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here's a hack: roll your socks to save space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x4:1
# text = Here's a hack: roll your socks to save space.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hack	hack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	roll	roll	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	socks	sock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a hack |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **roll** | infinitive |  | your socks |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sock=Theme |
| 3 | **save** | to-infinitive |  | space |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a hacking cough all week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x5:1
# text = He had a hacking cough all week.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hacking	hacking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a hacking cough |  |  | week |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cough=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief hacked the website to steal data.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x6:1
# text = The thief hacked the website to steal data.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hacked	hack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	steal	steal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | past | the thief | the website |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent website=Product |
| 2 | **steal** | to-infinitive | the thief *not said here* | data |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location data=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hacked at the brambles with shears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x7:1
# text = She hacked at the brambles with shears.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hacked	hack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brambles	bramble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	shears	shear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | past | She |  |  |  |  | at the brambles with shears | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at bramble=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hacking into other people's computers is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x8:1
# text = Hacking into other people's computers is against the law.
1	Hacking	hack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | into other people's computers | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into computer=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Hacking |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As he was hacking at one of the roots the axe struck on something hard.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hack:x9:1
# text = As he was hacking at one of the roots the axe struck on something hard.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hacking	hack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obl	_	_
15	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | past · progressive | he |  |  |  |  | at one of the roots and the axe | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at one=Patient |
| 2 | **strike** | participle |  | the axe *not said here* |  | something |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on something=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [habsburg](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/habsburg/)
- next →: [hacker](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hacker/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)