---
title: hacker — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hacker» in the school dictionary: A hacker is a person who uses computer skills to get into computers or systems, often without permission, which is a crime. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hacker

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hacker, person, permission, skilled programmer, you, your · **What happens:** be, use, get, enjoy, solve, pay · **To what, where:** person, computer skills, computers, crime, skilled programmer, computer problems

<!-- .vabout -->
«hacker» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hacker in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hacker.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hacker is a person who uses computer skills to get into computers or systems, often without permission, which is a crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:m1:1
# text = A hacker is a person who uses computer skills to get into computers or systems, often without permission, which is a crime.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hacker	hacker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	without	without	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hacker | a person and permission |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | a person and permission | computer skills |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Patient |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | a person and permission *not said here* |  |  | computers or systems |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into computer=Destination |
| 4 | **is a** | present | permission | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hacker can also be a very skilled programmer who enjoys solving computer problems in clever ways.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:m2:1
# text = A hacker can also be a very skilled programmer who enjoys solving computer problems in clever ways.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hacker	hacker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	skilled	skilled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	programmer	programmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	enjoys	enjoy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	solving	solve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a hacker | a skilled programmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **enjoy** | present | a skilled programmer |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **solve** | gerund | a skilled programmer *not said here* | computer problems |  | clever ways |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ethical hacker («white hat») is paid to find weak spots so they can be fixed.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:m3:1
# text = An ethical hacker («white hat») is paid to find weak spots so they can be fixed.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ethical	ethical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hacker	hacker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present · passive |  | a ethical hacker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive |  | weak spots |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Topic |
| 3 | **fix** | can · passive |  | spots *= spot* |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hacker in sport is a poor player, especially in golf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:m4:1
# text = A hacker in sport is a poor player, especially in golf.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hacker	hacker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hacker in sport | a poor player and golf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hacker tried to get into the school website.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x1:1
# text = A hacker tried to get into the school website.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hacker	hacker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | a hacker |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **get** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a hacker *not said here* |  |  | the school website |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into website=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a strong password to protect your account from hackers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x2:1
# text = Use a strong password to protect your account from hackers.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hackers	hacker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a strong password |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent password=Patient |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your account |  |  |  | from hackers | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent account=Beneficiary from hacker=Theme |
| 3 | **account** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ethical hackers help banks find weak spots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x3:1
# text = Ethical hackers help banks find weak spots.
1	Ethical	ethical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	hackers	hacker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Ethical hackers | banks |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent bank=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | infinitive | banks *not said here* | weak spots |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hackers stole thousands of email addresses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x4:1
# text = Hackers stole thousands of email addresses.
1	Hackers	hacker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stole	steal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	addresses	address	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | past | Hackers | thousands of email addresses |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thousand=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin is a hacker who builds robots in his garage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x5:1
# text = My cousin is a hacker who builds robots in his garage.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hacker	hacker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	builds	build	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	robots	robot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	garage	garage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My cousin | a hacker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | present | a hacker | robots |  | his garage |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robot=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Logging into someone else's account without permission is a crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x6:1
# text = Logging into someone else's account without permission is a crime.
1	Logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	csubj	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	else	else	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
6	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log** | gerund |  |  |  | someone's account |  | without permission | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Logging | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **account** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hackers at the competition fixed the bug in an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hacker:x7:1
# text = The hackers at the competition fixed the bug in an hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hackers	hacker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bug	bug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | past | the hackers at the competition | the bug |  |  | hour |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent bug=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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