---
title: hail — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hail» in the school dictionary: Hail is small balls of ice that fall from storm clouds like hard rain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hail, ice, attention, someone, lot, things · **What happens:** be, fall, mean, call out, wave, get · **To what, where:** small balls, storm clouds, attention, taxi, lot, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hail» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hail in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hail is small balls of ice that fall from storm clouds like hard rain.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:m1:1
# text = Hail is small balls of ice that fall from storm clouds like hard rain.
1	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hail | small balls |  |  |  | of ice | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | present | ice |  |  | storm clouds like hard rain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from cloud=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hail means to call out or wave to get someone's attention, such as hailing a taxi.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:m2:1
# text = To hail means to call out or wave to get someone's attention, such as hailing a taxi.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wave	wave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	17	mark	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	hailing	hail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	taxi	taxi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | hail |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **call out** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **wave** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | someone's attention |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus |
| 5 | **hail** | gerund | someone's attention *not said here* | a taxi |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taxi=Theme |
| 6 | **attend** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hail of things is a lot of them coming at once, like a hail of stones.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:m3:1
# text = A hail of things is a lot of them coming at once, like a hail of stones.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	_
10	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hail of things | a lot |  |  |  | of things *= thing* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | gerund | a lot *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a hail of stones | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location |
| 3 | **hail** |  | things |  |  |  |  |  | nom hail «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
| 4 | **hail** |  | stones |  |  |  |  |  | nom hail «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hail someone as something means to praise them loudly as that, like hailing a player as a hero.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:m4:1
# text = To hail someone as something means to praise them loudly as that, like hailing a player as a hero.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hail	hail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	hailing	hail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hail** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | as something | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent someone=Theme as something=Attribute |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **praise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | as that; loudly *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent they=Theme as that=Attribute |
| 4 | **hail** | gerund |  | a player |  |  |  | as a hero | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent player=Theme as hero=Attribute |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hail from a place means to come from there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:m5:1
# text = To hail from a place means to come from there.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hail	hail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hail** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a place |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from there=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hail can also be an old greeting, a way of saying hello to someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:m6:1
# text = Hail can also be an old greeting, a way of saying hello to someone.
1	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	hello	hello	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Hail | a old greeting and a way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a way *not said here* | hello | someone |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hello=Topic to someone=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hail bounced off the car roof like little marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x1:1
# text = Hail bounced off the car roof like little marbles.
1	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	bounced	bounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bounce off** | participle | Hail *not said here* | the car roof |  |  |  | like little marbles | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hailstones were as big as peas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x2:1
# text = The hailstones were as big as peas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	peas	pea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the hailstones |  |  |  |  | as peas; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ran into the shed when the hail started.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x3:1
# text = We ran into the shed when the hail started.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | We |  |  | the shed |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into shed=Destination |
| 2 | **start** | past | the hail |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad stood on the corner and hailed a taxi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x4:1
# text = Dad stood on the corner and hailed a taxi.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hailed	hail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	taxi	taxi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Dad |  |  | the corner |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on corner=Location |
| 2 | **hail** | past | Dad *not said here* | a taxi |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taxi=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The captain hailed the other ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x5:1
# text = The captain hailed the other ship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hailed	hail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hail** | past | the captain | the other ship |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new goalkeeper was hailed as a hero after the save.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x6:1
# text = The new goalkeeper was hailed as a hero after the save.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	hailed	hail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	save	save	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hail** | past · passive |  | the new goalkeeper |  |  | after the save | as a hero | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as hero=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer's crops were flattened by a hailstorm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x7:1
# text = The farmer's crops were flattened by a hailstorm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hailstorm	hailstorm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | past · passive | a hailstorm | the farmer's crops |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad hails from a small town in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x8:1
# text = My grandad hails from a small town in Scotland.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hails	hail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hail** | present | My grandad |  |  | a small town in Scotland |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hail of acorns fell when the wind shook the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x9:1
# text = A hail of acorns fell when the wind shook the tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	acorns	acorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | a hail of acorns |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shake** | past | the wind | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |
| 3 | **hail** |  | acorns |  |  |  |  |  | nom hail «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Hail, fair maiden!" says the hunter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hail:x10:1
# text = "Hail, fair maiden!" says the hunter.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Hail | the hunter |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hunter=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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