---
title: hailstone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hailstone» in the school dictionary: A small ball of ice that falls from storm clouds, like frozen rain; many hailstones together are called hail. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hailstone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ice, hailstone, hailstones, We, you, men · **What happens:** fall, freeze, call, bounce off, be, cut · **To what, where:** storm clouds, small ball, car roof, hailstone, half, rings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hailstone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hailstone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hailstone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small ball of ice that falls from storm clouds, like frozen rain; many hailstones together are called hail.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:m1:1
# text = A small ball of ice that falls from storm clouds, like frozen rain; many hailstones together are called hail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
18	together	together	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
21	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present | ice |  |  | storm clouds and frozen rain |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from cloud=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | a small ball of ice and many hailstones |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hailstone bounced off the car roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x1:1
# text = A hailstone bounced off the car roof.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hailstone	hailstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bounced	bounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bounce off** | participle | a hailstone *not said here* | the car roof |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some hailstones were as big as marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x2:1
# text = Some hailstones were as big as marbles.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | some hailstones |  |  |  |  | as marbles; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cut a hailstone in half and saw rings of ice inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x3:1
# text = We cut a hailstone in half and saw rings of ice inside.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hailstone	hailstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present | We | a hailstone |  | half |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hailstone=Product |
| 2 | **see** | past | We *not said here* | rings of ice |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ring=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hailstones made a loud noise on the tin roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x4:1
# text = The hailstones made a loud noise on the tin roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the hailstones | a loud noise |  | the tin roof |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hailstones melted quickly on the warm path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x5:1
# text = Hailstones melted quickly on the warm path.
1	Hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | participle |  | Hailstones *not said here* |  | the warm path |  | quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Go inside when the hailstones start to fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x6:1
# text = Go inside when the hailstones start to fall.
1	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | present | the hailstones |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **fall** | to-infinitive | the hailstones *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mongan’s men made a roof of their shields, and the hailstones battered on the shields so terribly that even under them they were afraid.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hailstone:x7:1
# text = Mongan’s men made a roof of their shields, and the hailstones battered on the shields so terribly that even under them they were afraid.
1	Mongan	Mongan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’s	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	battered	batter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	terribly	terribly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
21	even	even	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	under	under	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Mongan's men | a roof of men's shields |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Product |
| 2 | **batter** | participle · passive |  | the hailstones |  |  |  | on the shields | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Instrument on shield=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | hailstones *= hailstone* |  |  |  |  | afraid, terribly *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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