---
title: half — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «half» in the school dictionary: A half is one of two equal parts of something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# half

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** half, past, Max, Ben, Mia, you · **What happens:** be, mean, give, have, eat, cut · **To what, where:** one, half, Sam, many cookies, apple, 30 minutes

<!-- .vabout -->
«half» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [half in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/half.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A half is one of two equal parts of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:m1:1
# text = A half is one of two equal parts of something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a half | one |  |  |  | of two equal parts of something | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Half as an adjective means one of two equal parts: «half an hour».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:m2:1
# text = Half as an adjective means one of two equal parts: «half an hour».
1	Half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	nsubj	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	15	det:predet	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Half as a adjective | one of two equal parts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Half can mean partly: «half asleep».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:m3:1
# text = Half can mean partly: «half asleep».
1	Half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	8	advmod	_	_
8	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Half |  |  |  |  | partly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Half past means 30 minutes after the hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:m4:1
# text = Half past means 30 minutes after the hour.
1	Half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	2	det:predet	_	_
2	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | half past |  |  |  | minute |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Max gives Sam half of his stickers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x1:1
# text = Max gives Sam half of his stickers.
1	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
4	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	stickers	sticker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Max | half of Max's stickers | Sam |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent sam=Recipient half=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben has half as many cookies as Lily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x2:1
# text = Ben has half as many cookies as Lily.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	advmod	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ben | many cookies |  |  |  | as Lily | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia ate half of the 8 grapes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x3:1
# text = Mia ate half of the 8 grapes.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Mia | half of the 8 grapes |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut the apple in half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x4:1
# text = Cut the apple in half.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* | the apple |  | half |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset apple=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Half an hour is 30 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x5:1
# text = Half an hour is 30 minutes.
1	Half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	3	det:predet	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | half hour | 30 minutes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
School ends at half past three.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x6:1
# text = School ends at half past three.
1	School	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	obl	_	_
5	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | School |  |  | half past three |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The score was 2–1 at half-time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x7:1
# text = The score was 2–1 at half-time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the score | 2 |  |  |  | – 1 at half time | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glass is half full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x8:1
# text = The glass is half full.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	advmod	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the glass |  |  |  |  | full, half *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was only half of him!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:half:x9:1
# text = There was only half of him!
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | half of him |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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