---
title: halloween — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «halloween» in the school dictionary: A festival held in the evening at the very end of October, when children dress up in costumes, carve pumpkins and go trick-or-treating. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# halloween

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, Its, We, I, you, Halloween · **What happens:** hold, dress up, carve, go, treat, mean · **To what, where:** festival, end, costumes, pumpkins, trick, pumpkin

<!-- .vabout -->
«halloween» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [halloween in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/halloween.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A festival held in the evening at the very end of October, when children dress up in costumes, carve pumpkins and go trick-or-treating.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:m1:1
# text = A festival held in the evening at the very end of October, when children dress up in costumes, carve pumpkins and go trick-or-treating.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	October	October	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	dress	dress	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	costumes	costume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	carve	carve	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
25	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	treating	treat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | participle |  | a festival *not said here* |  |  | at the end of October; evening |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at end=Location |
| 2 | **dress up** | present | children |  |  | costumes |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **carve** | present | children *not said here* | pumpkins |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pumpkin=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive | children *not said here* | trick |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trick=Theme |
| 5 | **treat** | gerund | children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its old meaning: the evening before All Saints' Day (All Hallows' Eve).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:m2:1
# text = Its old meaning: the evening before All Saints' Day (All Hallows' Eve).
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	Saints	Saint	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	Hallows	Hallow	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	Eve	Eve	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We carved a pumpkin for Halloween.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x1:1
# text = We carved a pumpkin for Halloween.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past | We | a pumpkin |  |  |  | for Halloween | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent pumpkin=Material for halloween=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At Halloween I dressed up as a witch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x2:1
# text = At Halloween I dressed up as a witch.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress up** | past | I |  |  | Halloween |  | as a witch | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children go trick-or-treating on Halloween night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x3:1
# text = Children go trick-or-treating on Halloween night.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	treating	treat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Children | trick |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trick=Theme |
| 2 | **treat** | gerund | Children *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carry a torch when you go out at Halloween.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x4:1
# text = Carry a torch when you go out at Halloween.
1	Carry	carry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	out	out	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | imperative | you *not said here* | a torch |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |
| 2 | **go out** | present | you |  |  | Halloween |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Halloween began long ago in Ireland and Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x5:1
# text = Halloween began long ago in Ireland and Scotland.
1	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Halloween |  |  | Ireland and Scotland |  | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class had a Halloween party with apple bobbing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x6:1
# text = Our class had a Halloween party with apple bobbing.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	bobbing	bob	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Our class | a Halloween party |  |  |  | with apple | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Patient |
| 2 | **bob** | gerund | apple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only knock on doors with a pumpkin or lights on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:halloween:x7:1
# text = Only knock on doors with a pumpkin or lights on.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	knock	knock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | doors |  | with a pumpkin or lights | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with pumpkin=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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