---
title: hallucination — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hallucination» in the school dictionary: A hallucination is seeing, hearing, feeling or smelling something that is not really there, as if it were real. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hallucination

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hallucination, high fever, AI hallucination, he, person, Lack · **What happens:** see, feel, smell, not be, be, cause · **To what, where:** something, It, sleep, hallucinations, wall, spiders

<!-- .vabout -->
«hallucination» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hallucination in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hallucination.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hallucination is seeing, hearing, feeling or smelling something that is not really there, as if it were real.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:m1:1
# text = A hallucination is seeing, hearing, feeling or smelling something that is not really there, as if it were real.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hallucination	hallucination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	really	really	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · progressive | a hallucination |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **feel** | gerund | a hallucination *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **smell** | gerund | a hallucination *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | hallucination |  |  |  |  | real *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can be caused by high fever, some illnesses, lack of sleep, some medicines or drugs.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:m2:1
# text = It can be caused by high fever, some illnesses, lack of sleep, some medicines or drugs.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	illnesses	illness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can · passive | high fever and some illnesses and lack of sleep | It |  |  |  | some medicines or drugs *obl* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **lack** |  |  | sleep |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An AI hallucination is when a computer program confidently says something false or made up.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:m3:1
# text = An AI hallucination is when a computer program confidently says something false or made up.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hallucination	hallucination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	confidently	confidently	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a AI hallucination |  |  |  |  | confidently, say *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make up** | participle | a AI hallucination *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With a high fever, he had hallucinations of spiders on the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x1:1
# text = With a high fever, he had hallucinations of spiders on the wall.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	hallucinations	hallucination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | he | hallucinations of spiders |  | the wall |  | with a high fever | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Patient |
| 2 | **hallucinate** |  |  | spiders |  |  |  |  | nom hallucination «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hallucination feels real to the person having it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x2:1
# text = A hallucination feels real to the person having it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hallucination	hallucination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | a hallucination |  |  |  |  | real *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | the person *not said here* | hallucination |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lack of sleep can cause hallucinations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x3:1
# text = Lack of sleep can cause hallucinations.
1	Lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	hallucinations	hallucination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Lack of sleep | hallucinations |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hallucination=Patient |
| 2 | **lack** |  |  | sleep |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorer in the desert saw a hallucination of a lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x4:1
# text = The explorer in the desert saw a hallucination of a lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorer	explorer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hallucination	hallucination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the explorer in the desert | a hallucination of a lake |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hallucination=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hallucinate** |  |  | a lake |  |  |  |  | nom hallucination «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some drugs cause dangerous hallucinations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x5:1
# text = Some drugs cause dangerous hallucinations.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hallucinations	hallucination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | some drugs | dangerous hallucinations |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hallucination=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chatbot gave a hallucination: it invented a book that does not exist.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x6:1
# text = The chatbot gave a hallucination: it invented a book that does not exist.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chatbot	chatbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hallucination	hallucination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	exist	exist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the chatbot | a hallucination |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Theme |
| 2 | **invent** | past | chatbot | a book |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Result |
| 3 | **not** **exist** | present · do-support | a book |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always check facts, because AI can produce hallucinations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x7:1
# text = Always check facts, because AI can produce hallucinations.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	produce	produce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	hallucinations	hallucination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | facts |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |
| 2 | **produce** | can | AI | hallucinations |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor asked if she had any hallucinations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallucination:x8:1
# text = The doctor asked if she had any hallucinations.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	hallucinations	hallucination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | doctor | any hallucinations |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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