---
title: hallux — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hallux» in the school dictionary: The big toe, the first and largest toe of the foot; in birds, the toe that points backwards. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hallux

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** toe, hallux, perching bird, doctor, bunion, you · **What happens:** point, be, perch, use, grip, say · **To what, where:** scientific name, hallux, branch, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hallux» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hallux in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hallux.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The big toe, the first and largest toe of the foot; in birds, the toe that points backwards.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallux:m1:1
# text = The big toe, the first and largest toe of the foot; in birds, the toe that points backwards.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | present | the toe |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hallux is the scientific name for your big toe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallux:x1:1
# text = The hallux is the scientific name for your big toe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hallux	hallux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the hallux | the scientific name |  |  |  | for your big toe | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A perching bird uses its hallux to grip the branch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallux:x2:1
# text = A perching bird uses its hallux to grip the branch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	perching	perch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hallux	hallux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	grip	grip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perch** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | present | a perching bird | bird's hallux |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallux=Patient |
| 3 | **grip** | to-infinitive | a perching bird *not said here* | the branch |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the bunion was on her hallux.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallux:x3:1
# text = The doctor said the bunion was on her hallux.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bunion	bunion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hallux	hallux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the bunion |  |  | doctor's hallux |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your hallux helps you balance when you walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallux:x4:1
# text = Your hallux helps you balance when you walk.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hallux	hallux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	balance	balance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Your hallux | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **balance** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **walk** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apes have a hallux that can grab like a thumb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hallux:x5:1
# text = Apes have a hallux that can grab like a thumb.
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hallux	hallux	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	grab	grab	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Apes | a hallux |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallux=Patient |
| 2 | **grab** | can | a hallux |  |  |  |  | like a thumb | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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