---
title: haltere — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «haltere» in the school dictionary: One of the two tiny knob-shaped organs on flies and mosquitoes, in place of a back pair of wings, which help them balance and steer while flying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# haltere

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wings, Flies, halteres, fly, we, Mosquitoes · **What happens:** shape, help, balance, steer, fly, have · **To what, where:** wings, halteres, fly, balance, tiny halteres, microscope

<!-- .vabout -->
«haltere» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [haltere in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/haltere.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the two tiny knob-shaped organs on flies and mosquitoes, in place of a back pair of wings, which help them balance and steer while flying.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haltere:m1:1
# text = One of the two tiny knob-shaped organs on flies and mosquitoes, in place of a back pair of wings, which help them balance and steer while flying.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	knob	knob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	organs	organ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	balance	balance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	steer	steer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	conj	_	_
30	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
31	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **help** | present | wings | wings *= wing* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **balance** | infinitive | wings *= wing* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **steer** | infinitive | wings *= wing* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **fly** | gerund | wings *= wing* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flies have halteres instead of a second pair of wings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haltere:x1:1
# text = Flies have halteres instead of a second pair of wings.
1	Flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	halteres	haltere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Flies | halteres |  |  |  | instead a second pair of wings | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haltere=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The halteres help a fly keep its balance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haltere:x2:1
# text = The halteres help a fly keep its balance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	halteres	haltere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fly	fly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the halteres | a fly |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent fly=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | a fly *not said here* | fly's balance |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Theme |
| 3 | **balance** |  | fly |  |  |  |  |  | nom balance «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under the microscope we saw the tiny halteres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haltere:x3:1
# text = Under the microscope we saw the tiny halteres.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	halteres	haltere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | the tiny halteres |  | the microscope |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer haltere=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mosquitoes have halteres too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haltere:x4:1
# text = Mosquitoes have halteres too.
1	Mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	halteres	haltere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Mosquitoes | halteres |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haltere=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Halteres work a bit like a gyroscope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:haltere:x5:1
# text = Halteres work a bit like a gyroscope.
1	Halteres	haltere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gyroscope	gyroscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Halteres | a bit |  |  |  | like a gyroscope | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent bit=Material |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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