---
title: hamstring — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hamstring» in the school dictionary: One of the strong tendons or muscles at the back of the thigh, above the knee. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hamstring

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** injuries, hamstring, you, striker, hamstrings, lack · **What happens:** stop, work, hamstring, cut, not run, stretch · **To what, where:** someone, team, hamstring, hamstrings, toes, project

<!-- .vabout -->
«hamstring» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hamstring in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hamstring.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the strong tendons or muscles at the back of the thigh, above the knee.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:m1:1
# text = One of the strong tendons or muscles at the back of the thigh, above the knee.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tendons	tendon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	thigh	thigh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	above	above	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop someone or something from working well: the team was hamstrung by injuries.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:m2:1
# text = To stop someone or something from working well: the team was hamstrung by injuries.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	hamstrung	hamstring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hamstring** | past · passive | injuries | the team |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut an animal's hamstring so it cannot run.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:m3:1
# text = To cut an animal's hamstring so it cannot run.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	hamstring	hamstring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  | a animal's hamstring |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hamstring=Product |
| 2 | **not** **run** | can | hamstring |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stretch your hamstrings before you run.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:x1:1
# text = Stretch your hamstrings before you run.
1	Stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hamstrings	hamstring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hamstrings |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hamstring=Patient |
| 2 | **run** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The striker pulled a hamstring and was off for a month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:x2:1
# text = The striker pulled a hamstring and was off for a month.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	striker	striker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hamstring	hamstring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull off** | past | the striker | a hamstring |  |  | month |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hamstring=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Touch your toes to feel your hamstrings stretch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:x3:1
# text = Touch your toes to feel your hamstrings stretch.
1	Touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hamstrings	hamstring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stretch	stretch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | imperative | you *not said here* | your toes |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme toe=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **stretch** | present | your hamstrings |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The project was hamstrung by a lack of money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:x4:1
# text = The project was hamstrung by a lack of money.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	hamstrung	hamstring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hamstring** | past · passive | a lack of money | the project |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lack** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hamstring injuries are common in sprinters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:x5:1
# text = Hamstring injuries are common in sprinters.
1	Hamstring	hamstring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sprinters	sprinter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hamstring injuries |  |  | sprinters |  | common *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The physio taped up her sore hamstring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hamstring:x6:1
# text = The physio taped up her sore hamstring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	physio	physio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	taped	tape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hamstring	hamstring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tape up** | past | the physio | physio's sore hamstring |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hamstring=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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