---
title: hand — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hand» in the school dictionary: A hand is the part of your body at the end of your arm, with four fingers and a thumb. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hand

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hand, hands, pointers, good hands, Mia, Tom · **What happens:** be, show, give, mean, hand, hand out · **To what, where:** part, end, pointers, hand, someone, good hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hand» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hand in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hand.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hand is the part of your body at the end of your arm, with four fingers and a thumb.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:m1:1
# text = A hand is the part of your body at the end of your arm, with four fingers and a thumb.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hand | the part |  |  | at the end of your arm | of your body | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hand is to give something to someone with your hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:m2:1
# text = To hand is to give something to someone with your hand.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to hand; to someone; give *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hands of a clock are the pointers that show the time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:m3:1
# text = The hands of a clock are the pointers that show the time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pointers	pointer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the hands of a clock | the pointers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | the pointers |  |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give someone a hand is to help them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:m4:1
# text = To give someone a hand is to help them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | a hand | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient hand=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | help *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be in good hands means to be in someone's care or possession.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:m5:1
# text = To be in good hands means to be in someone's care or possession.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | good hands |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | good hands |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | someone's care or possession |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia hands 7 balloons to Sam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x1:1
# text = Mia hands 7 balloons to Sam.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hands	hand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	balloons	balloon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | present | Mia | 7 balloons | Sam |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme to sam=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom hands Zoe 1 book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x2:1
# text = Tom hands Zoe 1 book.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hands	hand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | present | Tom | 1 book | Zoe |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent zoe=Destination book=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anna handed out 12 sheets to the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x3:1
# text = Anna handed out 12 sheets to the class.
1	Anna	Anna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	handed	hand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sheets	sheet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand out** | past | Anna | 12 sheets | the class |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sheet=Theme to class=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please hand in your homework on Friday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x4:1
# text = Please hand in your homework on Friday.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	hand	hand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your homework | friday |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raise your hand if you know the answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x5:1
# text = Raise your hand if you know the answer.
1	Raise	raise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hand |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 2 | **know** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | the answer |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minute hand points to 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x6:1
# text = The minute hand points to 12.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | present | the minute hand |  | 12 |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to 12=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you give me a hand with these bags?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x7:1
# text = Can you give me a hand with these bags?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | can | you | a hand | me |  |  | with this bags | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient hand=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have 2 hands with 5 fingers on each, so 10 fingers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x8:1
# text = We have 2 hands with 5 fingers on each, so 10 fingers.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | 2 hands and 10 fingers |  |  |  | with 5 fingers on each | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It will fall into good hands--"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hand:x9:1
# text = It will fall into good hands--"
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | future | It |  |  |  |  | into good hands *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hand=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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