---
title: handbook — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «handbook» in the school dictionary: A handbook is a small book that gives useful facts and instructions about a subject, or rules about a place, such as a school or a club. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# handbook

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** handbook, small book, you, bird handbook, us, new Cub Scout · **What happens:** be, give, read, find, help, name · **To what, where:** small book, useful facts, school handbook, uniform rules, us, robin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«handbook» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [handbook in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/handbook.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A handbook is a small book that gives useful facts and instructions about a subject, or rules about a place, such as a school or a club.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:m1:1
# text = A handbook is a small book that gives useful facts and instructions about a subject, or rules about a place, such as a school or a club.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
19	about	about	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	26	case	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a handbook | a small book |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | a small book | useful facts and instructions about a subject or rules about a place and a school or a club |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the school handbook to find the uniform rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:x1:1
# text = Read the school handbook to find the uniform rules.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	uniform	uniform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the school handbook |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handbook=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the uniform rules |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird handbook helped us name the robin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:x2:1
# text = The bird handbook helped us name the robin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	name	name	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	robin	robin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the bird handbook | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **name** | infinitive | us *not said here* | the robin |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robin=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every new Cub Scout gets a handbook.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:x3:1
# text = Every new Cub Scout gets a handbook.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Cub	Cub	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Scout	Scout	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | every new Cub Scout | a handbook |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer handbook=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The staff handbook explains what to do in a fire drill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:x4:1
# text = The staff handbook explains what to do in a fire drill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | the staff handbook |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a fire drill |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check the handbook before you set up the tent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:x5:1
# text = Check the handbook before you set up the tent.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	set	set	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the handbook |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handbook=Theme |
| 2 | **set up** | present | you | the tent |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient tent=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher's handbook lists all the science experiments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handbook:x6:1
# text = The teacher's handbook lists all the science experiments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	handbook	handbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lists	list	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	experiments	experiment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **list** | present | the teacher's handbook | all science experiments |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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