---
title: handel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «handel» in the school dictionary: George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) was a German-born composer who lived and worked in London; he wrote Messiah, Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# handel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** George, born composer, Handel, English common word, choir, We · **What happens:** bear, be, live, work, write, not be · **To what, where:** born composer, Messiah, surname, English common word, Hallelujah Chorus, Handel

<!-- .vabout -->
«handel» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [handel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/handel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) was a German-born composer who lived and worked in London; he wrote Messiah, Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:m1:1
# text = George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) was a German-born composer who lived and worked in London; he wrote Messiah, Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks.
1	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
2	Frideric	Frideric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	1685	1685	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	1759	1759	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	composer	composer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	Messiah	Messiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Music	Music	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	Music	Music	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	Royal	Royal	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	Fireworks	Firework	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | George | a born composer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | past | a born composer |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **work** | past | a born composer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in London | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in london=Theme |
| 5 | **write** | past | George | Messiah and Water Music and Music |  |  |  | for the Royal Fireworks | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent messiah=Result for firework=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handel can also be a surname.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:m2:1
# text = Handel can also be a surname.
1	Handel	handel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Handel | a surname |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
handel is not an English common word; do not confuse with handle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:m3:1
# text = handel is not an English common word; do not confuse with handle.
1	handel	handel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | handel | a English common word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **confuse** | infinitive · do-support | a English common word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with handle | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with handle=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handel wrote Messiah in just a few weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:x1:1
# text = Handel wrote Messiah in just a few weeks.
1	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Messiah	Messiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Handel | Messiah |  |  | week |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messiah=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The choir sang the Hallelujah Chorus by Handel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:x2:1
# text = The choir sang the Hallelujah Chorus by Handel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Hallelujah	Hallelujah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Chorus	Chorus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the choir | the Hallelujah Chorus |  |  |  | by Handel | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handel's Water Music was played on a boat on the River Thames for King George I.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:x3:1
# text = Handel's Water Music was played on a boat on the River Thames for King George I.
1	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Music	Music	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Thames	Thames	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod:desc	_	_
16	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
17	I.	I.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past · passive | George  King | Handel and Water Music |  | a boat |  | on the River Thames | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handel was born in Germany but became British.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:x4:1
# text = Handel was born in Germany but became British.
1	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | Handel |  | Germany |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | british *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We listened to Handel in our music lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:x5:1
# text = We listened to Handel in our music lesson.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | past | We |  | Handel | our music lesson |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to handel=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience stands up for Handel's Hallelujah Chorus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handel:x6:1
# text = The audience stands up for Handel's Hallelujah Chorus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	Handel	Handel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	Hallelujah	Hallelujah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Chorus	Chorus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | present | the audience |  |  |  |  | for Handel's Hallelujah Chorus | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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