---
title: handmade — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «handmade» in the school dictionary: Made by a person using their hands or simple tools, not by a machine in a factory: a handmade card. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# handmade

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, I, market, Handmade shoes, handmade bowl, handmade toy · **What happens:** make, use, give, sell, take, be · **To what, where:** handmade card, hands, handmade birthday card, Mum, handmade soap

<!-- .vabout -->
«handmade» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [handmade in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/handmade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made by a person using their hands or simple tools, not by a machine in a factory: a handmade card.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:m1:1
# text = Made by a person using their hands or simple tools, not by a machine in a factory: a handmade card.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a handmade card |  |  |  | by a person | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | a person *not said here* | their hands or simple tools |  |  |  | by a machine in a factory | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I gave Mum a handmade birthday card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:x1:1
# text = I gave Mum a handmade birthday card.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | I | a handmade birthday card | Mum |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient card=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The market sells handmade soap and candles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:x2:1
# text = The market sells handmade soap and candles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | the market | handmade soap and candles |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soap=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handmade shoes take days to make.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:x3:1
# text = Handmade shoes take days to make.
1	Handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | Handmade shoes |  |  |  | day |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Handmade shoes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This handmade quilt was Grandma's.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:x4:1
# text = This handmade quilt was Grandma's.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	quilt	quilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | 's Grandma | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each handmade bowl looks a little different.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:x5:1
# text = Each handmade bowl looks a little different.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | each handmade bowl |  |  |  |  | different *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A handmade toy costs $12, a factory one $5, so it costs $7 more.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handmade:x6:1
# text = A handmade toy costs $12, a factory one $5, so it costs $7 more.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	$	$	SYM	$	_	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	_
11	$	$	SYM	$	_	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	$	$	SYM	$	_	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
19	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a handmade toy |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |
| 2 | **cost** | present | toy |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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