---
title: handwritten — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «handwritten» in the school dictionary: Handwritten means written by hand with a pen or pencil, not typed or printed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# handwritten

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Handwritten, Grandma, He, shop, handwritten thank card, old recipe book · **What happens:** mean, write, not type, print, love, get · **To what, where:** pen, handwritten letters, handwritten note, fridge, homework, handwritten sign · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«handwritten» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [handwritten in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/handwritten.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Handwritten means written by hand with a pen or pencil, not typed or printed.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:m1:1
# text = Handwritten means written by hand with a pen or pencil, not typed or printed.
1	Handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	typed	type	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Handwritten |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by hand with a pen or pencil | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **type** | participle |  | a pen or pencil *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma loves getting handwritten letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x1:1
# text = Grandma loves getting handwritten letters.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **get** *not said to happen* | gerund | Grandma *not said here* | handwritten letters |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer letter=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He left a handwritten note on the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x2:1
# text = He left a handwritten note on the fridge.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | He | a handwritten note |  | the fridge |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent note=Theme on fridge=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is your homework handwritten or typed?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x3:1
# text = Is your homework handwritten or typed?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	csubj	_	_
4	handwritten	handwrite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	typed	type	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | your homework |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **handwrite** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **type** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop had a handwritten sign in the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x4:1
# text = The shop had a handwritten sign in the window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the shop | a handwritten sign |  | the window |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A handwritten thank-you card is very kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x5:1
# text = A handwritten thank-you card is very kind.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	thank	thank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
6	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a handwritten thank card |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old recipe book is all handwritten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x6:1
# text = The old recipe book is all handwritten.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the old recipe book |  |  |  |  | all, handwritten *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective studied the handwritten message.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x7:1
# text = The detective studied the handwritten message.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | the detective | the handwritten message |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please hand in a handwritten copy of your poem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:handwritten:x8:1
# text = Please hand in a handwritten copy of your poem.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	hand	hand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a handwritten copy of your poem |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **copy** |  |  | your poem |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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